THEORYS OF CRIME-INTERATIONISM/MARXISM 2

Question 1

labeling theory

Answer 1

c/d is socially constructed and becomes deviant when people label it as such. theorist are interested in how/why certain acts come to be defined and labeled as criminal (no act is inertly criminal)

Question 2

Becker labeling theory

Answer 2

devient is someone whom the label has successfully been applied. deviant bhevaious is simply behaviour that people label as deviant. those who are labeled are based on class / ethnicity/ gender

Question 3

added on to Becker:
lemert: primary deviance

Answer 3

devient acts that have not been publicly labeled as criminal

Question 4

added on to Becker:
lemert: secondary deviance

Answer 4

deviant acts/indisivudlas that are labeled, may lead to master status/devient career

Question 5

marxist theory of c/d
crime is

Answer 5

ineveitibale in capitalist society bc capisitlm is crimogenic (it causes crime)

Question 6

capitalism is

Answer 6

exploitation of wc, use wc to gain profit, leads to utilitarian crime to gain wealth/goods, creates allienation/fustraion/violence/vandalism

Question 7

crimogenic capitalism

Answer 7

dog eat dog system, pursuit of profit encourages greed+self interest. win at all cost mentality, carats cooperate (business) and white collar crime eg tax evasion/fraud

Question 8

crime maintains social inequality:
selective law enforcement

Answer 8

selected bias when applying the law, police more likely target wc ares as wc are more likely to be criminalised that mc

Question 9

crime maintains social inequality:
selective law enforcement SNIDER

Answer 9

capitalist state is reluctant to pass laws that regulate the activities of business or threaten profitability

Question 10

crime maintains social inequality:
selective law making ;CHAMBISS 1975

Answer 10

laws to protect private property are the corner stone of capitislt economy. the ruling class have the power to prevent the introduction of laws that would threaten their interests

Question 11

ideological funcitons; PEARCE

Answer 11

laws give capitilstm a ‘caring face’ and create false consciousness class workers.
this is bc the state enforces the laws selectively crime appears to be largely wc phenomonem. this devices wc due to how it encourages workers to blame criminals in their midst for their problems rather than capitalism

Question 12

neo marxist theory of c/d

Answer 12

criminals make active choice to commit crime>can be polciial choice (positive) traidiotnal marxism+labeling theory = fully social theory of deviance

Question 13

neo marxist theory: stuart hall

Answer 13

a crisis of capitsm led to unemployment which disproportionally effected black men, some committed street crime causing moral panic about black muggers > divert flaws of capitlasm

Question 14

gender + crime
CHIVALRY THESIS: POLLAK 1975

Answer 14

men are socialised to be respectful and protective fo women and women are treated leniently as men make us CJS

Question 15

gender + crime
CHIVALRY THESIS: POLLAK 1975
court stats

Answer 15

females more likely to get mail or fine/comminity service instead of incarnation

Question 16

eval of gender + crime
CHIVALRY THESIS: POLLAK 1975

Answer 16

women are treated harsh by courts as theyve deviated form law and gender norms : yearhsire: on a verge women suffer 35 assaults before reporting dv.