THEORYS OF CRIME-FUNCTIONALISM 1

Question 1

functionalist believe crime is

Answer 1

necessary in society as not everyone is effectively socialised and inequality and meritocracy (davis+moore)

Question 2

positive functions of crime: boundry maintenance-durkenhim

Answer 2

belive purpose of punishment is to reaffirm society shared values/rules+reifnroce social solidarity eg race crimes

Question 3

positive functions of crime: adaption and change durkenhime

Answer 3

moves society forward, a deviant act has to occur to change norms+values eg gay marrige was deviant

Question 4

positive functions of crime:saftey valve DAVIS

Answer 4

prositution provides positive function>allowing men to express sexual frustration w/o threatening the nuclear family. acts as a safety valve

Question 5

positive functions of crime: safety valve
POLSKY

Answer 5

pornogrpahy helps

Question 6

positive functions of crime: warning sign
Cohen

Answer 6

crime/devicne is a sign insitituons aren’t funcitoning properly

Question 7

strain theory: Robert merton 1938

Answer 7

argues people engage in deviant behaviour when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals(AD). they become frustrated and try to acheive goals through criminal means

Question 8

strain theory: merton- 5 adaptions of strain

Answer 8

conformity, innovation, ritualsim, retreatism

Question 9

strain theory: merton
explanation of c/d: structural factors

Answer 9

society has unique opporuntunty structure-class focus, result of capitalism, crime to achieve immediate gratification. media makes it inc

Question 10

strain theory: merton
explanation of c/d: cultural factors

Answer 10

strong emphasis on success goals and weaker emphasis on legitimate (legal ways to achieve)=due to unequal opp an focus on goals it is a cause for crime

Question 11

AO3 OF MERTON STRAIN THEORY:
Cohen (only agrees wc)
ultimately : explainn why commit violent crimes but assumes mc value

Answer 11

he fails to account for group accountability in crime+ focuses on utilitarian crime and only and doesnt explain violent crimes. Cohen focuses on wc boys who fail to succeed in mc environments. Bec of this likely to join delinquent subcultures, so when fail school values they try to achieve with own est subcultures called ‘ALTERNATIVE STATUS HIERACHY’

Question 12

coward and ohlin: 3 types of subculture
CRIMINAL

Answer 12

provide apprentahsips, hierarchy of professional criminal

Question 13

coward and ohlin: 3 types of subculture CONFLICT

Answer 13

gang org by young people. based on claim teriorty eg postcode

Question 14

coward and ohlin: 3 types of subculture REATREATIST

Answer 14

turn to rug use and alcoholism fail both illegitimate and legitimates means

Question 15

subcultural strain theory focal concerns: miller

Answer 15

agrees lower class has its own autonomous subculture distinct from mainstream subculture with its own values

Question 16

miller lower-class subculture

Answer 16

excitmes, toughness, smartness, trouble, fate, autonomy