GENDER AND CRIME 1

Question 1

THEORY 1 : UNREPORTED AND UNNOTICED

Answer 1

typically female crimes such as shoplifting are less likely to be reported/be noticed
79% prosecuted are male

compared to sexual or violent crime

Question 2

THEORY 2 CHIVALRY THESIS POLLAK

Answer 2

women are treated more leintently by control agents
police force is made up of 65% men, this could account for why 85% arrests are male. this is because men have been socialised to be chivalrous towards women- protective and paternalistic

Question 3

chivalry thesis: official saistics

Answer 3

females more bails less custodial sentences, 4% prison pop female, shorter prison sentences (KIDS)

Question 4

feminine evidence agsint chivalry thesis: 1977 carlen

Answer 4

judgment are based on preconceived appropriate gender roles

Question 5

feminine evidence agsint chivalry thesis: 1998 walklatem

Answer 5

women on trial as victims in rape cases and often have to prove non consent - 13% rape cases go to court

Question 6

THEORY 3 SEX ROLE THEORY PARSOSN: sociobiological approach

Answer 6

due to their biological and process of normal socialiation, women are nurturing by nature and therefore are incapable, do not want to commit crime. girls and boys socialised differently

Question 7

theory 3: male socialsiion

Answer 7

tradiaonl masculine role (instrumental) more dominating

Question 8

theory 3: female socialisation

Answer 8

expressive role, focus on being caring and nursing less likely to cause harm later down the line

Question 9

theory 4: patriachle control women controlled at work/home/public

Answer 9

work:male management, less likely to be in high status roles
public: fear male violence, media sensationalisation of rape add to fear
home: domestic duties, dv

Question 10

theory 4 :patriarchale controls: hidensohn

Answer 10

women have atleast 1 male figure in their life who doesnt want them to commit crime
men tend to be more in control of women eg looking glass ceildign> restricts women committing white collar crime
fathers control daughters via socialisation and what tactivities they do, passing control to next male via marrige

Question 11

theory 4 patriahcle control hidensohn STRENGHTS

Answer 11

domesitc violence does exist and apply to real life > high validity

Question 12

theory 4 patriahcle control hidensohn WEAKNESS

Answer 12

generalises findings to all women which is inaccurate , outdated, based on NF

Question 13

THEORY 5 CLASS AND GENDE RROLES: CARLEN

Answer 13

wc most likely to commit crime, used unstructured tape recorded intevwis on only wc girls to gather response of young women engaged In crimes.

Question 14

THEORY 5 CLASS AND GENDE RROLES: CARLEN> branch on hitachi control theory

Answer 14

attachement, commitment (hobbies) involvement, belief

Question 15

THEORY 5 CLASS AND GENDE RROLES: CARLEN: women have two deals offered : class deal

Answer 15

if a person works hard they will be financially rewarded (meritocracy) carlen found those who had class deal and denied them left them powerless and more poverty stricken and resorted to crime

Question 16

THEORY 5 CLASS AND GENDE RROLES: CARLEN women have two deals offered : gender deal

Answer 16

if they’re a good mother and wife, they will be treated well(link 4) women only reward in comply societal expectations. carlen noted most women saw few reards and were subject of abuse
so poverty and disorganised family are primary forced of women and criminality

Question 17

THEORY 5 CLASS AND GENDE RROLES: CARLEN
STRENGHT

Answer 17

direct interviews, social class is a thing so Marist support

Question 18

THEORY 5 CLASS AND GENDE RROLES: CARLEN
WEAKNESS

Answer 18

small sample focus on wc girls (low validity) outdated and undermines free will

Question 19

theory 6: liberation theory ADLER

Answer 19

women are becoming much moor equal in society with men, they therefore commit just as much if not more than men
if patriachle control weakened in social areas such as home work public, more involved in white collar crime.

Question 20

theory 6: liberation theory ADLER A02

Answer 20

second half 20th c crime risen 1/3

Question 21

Messerschmidt > argues about liberation theory a03

Answer 21

men have strive for masculinity nd obtain it where the can (night time economy) since women’s freedom so commit crime to assert dominance . refers to as hegemonic masculinity.