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CPL-H Exam prep > Theory Of Flight > Flashcards

Theory Of Flight Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bernoullis theory?

A

As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases.

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2
Q

How does an airfoil factor into bernoullis theory?

A

As the air moves over an airfoil it speeds up creating a low pressure area above the wing creating lift

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3
Q

Newtons 1st law?

A

A body in Motion tends to remain in motion

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4
Q

Newtons 2nd law?

A

A force is required to alter a body’s state of motion

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5
Q

Newtons 3rd law?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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6
Q

Newton’s third law can explain how lift is generated by a wing in how

a.air is forced to accelerate over the top of its surface.

b.acceleration of air causes a downward force.

c.a drop in pressure causes an opposite force to be applied.

d.air being deflected downward causes an opposite reaction.

A

D

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7
Q

An example of Bernoulli’s principle would be

a.stepping from a boat to a dock causes the boat to move away from the dock.

b.dropping a feather and a golf ball from a roof, the golf ball reaches the ground first.

c.throwing a ball into the air causes it to follow a parabolic arc.

d.a truck passing cyclist causes the cyclist to be deflected toward the truck.

A

D

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8
Q

An example of Newton’s third law would be
Select one:

a.stepping from a boat to a dock causes the boat to move away from the dock.

b.throwing a ball into the air causes it to follow a parabolic arc.

c.a truck passing a cyclist causes the cyclist to move toward the truck.

d.firing a shotgun causes movement toward the target.

A

A

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9
Q

What are the four forces acting on flight?

A

Lift, weight, thrust, drag

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10
Q

Lift is the component of aerodynamic force that is ____ to relative airflow, drag is the component of aerodynamic force that is ____ to relative airflow

A

Perpendicular
Parallel

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11
Q

Which statement is correct with respect to induced drag?

a.A byproduct of thrust.

b.Is proportional to the roughness of the aircraft’s skin.

c.An unavoidable consequence of generating lift.

d.Is constant and unrelated to angle of attack.

A

C

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12
Q

Induced drag (increases/decreases) as angle of attack (decreases/increases)

A

Increases
Increases

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13
Q

What are the types of drag you can expect in flight?

A

Induced drag: results from the creation of lift

Parasite drag: caused by parts that do not generate lift.

-form drag: created by the shape of the body as it resists motion through the air.

-skin friction: air flowing over a body that clings to its surface. (rougher surface will have more friction)

-interference drag: resistance cause by the effect of one part on another. example where wing is attached to fuselage.

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14
Q

Parasite drag ____ with speed. (V2, double the speed , ___ times the drag).
• Induced drag ____ with speed.

A

Increases, four, decreases

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15
Q

The force that balances weight is the component of lift perpendicular to the flight path. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

Slow, careful movement while in a steep bank angle may cause the load factor to exceed the design limits. True or false

A

False, sudden movement can cause this

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17
Q

• When an aeroplane increases its angle of bank and maintains a constant altitude, the vertical component of lift will ____ with an ____ of G force.
(Increase/decrease)

A

Decrease, increase

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18
Q

As the angle of attack of a wing increases induced drag ____.

A

Increases

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19
Q

What is angle of attack?

A

The angle between the chord line and relative airflow on an airfoil

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20
Q

As the angle of attack increases, the pressure distribution changes, center of pressure moves ______

Backwards/forwards?

A

Forward

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21
Q

When a wing stalls the center of pressure moves forward
True or false?

A

false, it moves rearward

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22
Q

The worst wake turbulence would be encountered behind a ____ , ____ and ____ airplane,

A

Slow, clean, heavy airplane

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23
Q

The strength of a vortex remains relatively constant during the first __ minutes and can last up to __ minutes.

A

2, 5

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24
Q

Whose responsibility is it to avoid wake turbulence?

A

Solely the pilot

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25
Q

ATC will give a minimum of __ minutes of separation after the departure of a _____ airplane when followed by a light airplane.

A

2, heavy

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26
Q

In a 60 degree banked turn, how high is the load factor?

A

2 G’s

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27
Q

Blade pitch angle is also referred to as?

What is the definition?

A

Angle of incidence.
It is the angle of the chord line relative to the rotor hub

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28
Q

When pitch angle is increased, what happens to the angle of attack?

A

It increases

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29
Q

Coning is caused by the combined forces of

a.drag, weight, and translational lift.

b.dissymmetry of lift.

c. lift and centrifugal force.

d.flapping and centrifugal force.

A

C

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30
Q

Feathering is the:

a.rotation of the blade around the span wise axis.

b.movement of the blade tip up and down during a cycle of rotation.

c.movement of the blade tip forward and rearward of its rotational position.

d.tendency of the helicopter to align to the relative airflow.

A

A

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31
Q

The unequal lift across the rotor disc that occurs in horizontal flight as a result of the difference in velocity of the air over the advancing half of the disc and the air passing over the retreating half of the disc is known as?

A

Dissymmetry of lift

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32
Q

Cyclic control pressure is applied during flight that results in a maximum increase in the advancing main rotor blade pitch angle at the three o’clock position. Which way will the rotor disc tilt?

a.Aft.

b.Left.

c.Forward.

d.Right.

A

A

33
Q

Cyclic control pressure is applied during flight that results in a maximum decrease in pitch angle of the rotor blades at the twelve o’clock position with a counterclockwise rotation, when viewed from above. Which way will the rotor disc tilt?

a.Right

b.Left

c.Aft

d.Forward

A

B

34
Q

During forward cruising flight at constant airspeed and altitude, the individual rotor blades, when compared to each other, are operating

a.with increased lift on the retreating blade.

b.with a decreasing angle of attack on the advancing blade.

c.at equal airspeed, equal angles of attack, and unequal lift moment.

d.at unequal airspeed, unequal angles of attack, and equal lift moment.

A

D

35
Q

When a blade flaps up, the CG moves closer to its axis of rotation giving that blade a tendency to

a.decelerate.

b.destabilize its rotational velocity.

c.accelerate.

d.stabilize its rotational velocity.

A

C

36
Q

The forward speed of a rotorcraft is restricted primarily by?

A

Dissymmetry of lift

37
Q

Induced flow is most pronounced when

a.in translating flight.

b.hovering in light winds.

c.in cruise flight.

d.hovering in no wind conditions.

A

D

38
Q

The purpose of lead-lag (drag) hinges in a three-bladed, fully articulated helicopter rotor system is to compensate for

a.dissymmetry of lift.

b.feathering.

c.reduce low-frequency vibrations.

d.blade flapping.

A

D

39
Q

The primary purpose of the tail rotor system is to?

A

counteract the torque effect of the main rotor.

40
Q

An excessively steep approach angle and abnormally slow forward speed should be avoided during an approach to a hover, primarily because

A

Settling with power (vortex ring state) can develop

41
Q

How to recover from settling with power?

A

Transition to forward flight/lower collective partially

42
Q

What are the major indications of a retreating blade stall situation, in order of occurrence?

a.Low-frequency vibration, pitch-up of the nose, and a tendency for the helicopter to roll.

b.Slow pitch-up of the nose, tendency for the helicopter to roll, followed by a medium-frequency vibration.

c.Slow pitch-up of the nose, high-frequency vibration, and a tendency for the helicopter to roll.

d.Fast pitch-up of the nose, medium-frequency vibration, and a tendency for the helicopter to roll.

A

A

43
Q

How should a pilot react at the onset of retreating blade stall?

A

Reduce collective and apply aft cyclic to reduce airspeed

44
Q

Which is a result of the phenomenon of ground effect?

a.The lift vector becomes more horizontal.

b.The induced angle of attack of each rotor blade is increased.

c.The angle of attack generating lift is increased.

d.The angle of incidence generating lift is increased.

A

C

45
Q

Translational lift is the result of

A

Airspeed

46
Q

High airspeeds, particularly in turbulent air, should be avoided primarily because of the possibility of

A

Retreating blade stall

47
Q

When operating at high forward airspeeds, retreating blade stalls are more likely to occur under which condition?

a.High RPM and low density altitude.

b.Steep turns in turbulent air.

c.Low gross weight and low density altitude.

d.Low gross weight and high RPM.

A

B

48
Q

With calm wind conditions, which flight operation would require the most power?

a.A right-hovering turn.

b.Hovering out of ground effect.

c.A left-hovering turn.

d.Hovering in ground effect.

A

B

49
Q

At the onset of retreating blade stall vibration, the pilot should?

A

Lower collective, increase rpm, reduce forward airspeed and limit maneuvering

50
Q

Under which situation is a helicopter most likely to enter the condition known as settling with power?

A

Forward airspeed less than 15 kts, with a descent rate of more than 3-500 fpm

51
Q

After attaining effective translational lift during a normal takeoff, additional forward cyclic is required as the airspeed increases. Why is this action required?

A

To counteract the increase in lift with would result in the nose rising

52
Q

The main rotor blades of a fully-articulated rotor system can

a.flap and feather collectively.

b.feather independently, but cannot flap or drag.

c.feather independently.

d.flap, drag, and feather independently.

A

D

53
Q

The main rotor blades of a semirigid rotor system can

a.flap as a unit and feather.

b.feather independently, but cannot flap or drag.

c.feather independently.

d.flap, drag, and feather independently.

A

A

54
Q

Which combination of conditions could lead to overpitching?

a.High temperature, high humidity, and heavy load.

b.Light load, cool temperatures, and rushed maneuvering.

c.Low density altitude, lightly loaded and gentle maneuvering.

d.Left-hovering turns with a strong wind.

A

A

55
Q

Memorize these characteristics and recoveries!

(Rpm/manifold)

A
56
Q

Which part of the rotor keeps the rotor turning during autorotation?

A

Driving region

57
Q

To permit a helicopter to autorotate the helicopter is equipped with a?

A

Freewheeling unit

58
Q

Why is a helicopter flared prior to touch down during an autorotation? (3 things)

A

-To reduce rate of descent

-to decrease forward airspeed

-to build rotor rpm

59
Q

Max glide config in autorotation?

A

75 kts, 90%rpm

60
Q

Segmented passenger weights are applicable to which operators?

A

Air taxi

61
Q

Segmented passenger weight includes?

a.The person, clothing, and carry-on.

b.The person, clothing, carry-on, and infant when infant’s weight does not exceed 10% of adult passenger’s weight.

c.The person, clothing, and infant.

d.The person and clothing.

A

B

62
Q

The best and most accurate way of obtaining passenger weights is to use

A

Actual weight

63
Q

What is ground effect?
When is ground effect reduced?
How high is ground effect applicable?

A
  • Efficiency of the rotor system cause by interference of the airflow when near the ground.
  • it is reduced when hovering over tall grass, trees, rough terrain etc.
  • one rotor diameter from the ground
64
Q

Weathercock effect happens when the wind is coming from a range of

A

120 through 240 degrees

65
Q

Helicopter performance is based on

a.the difference between power available and power required.

b.the wind, humidity and weight.

c.the efficiency of the engine(s) and the lift produced by the rotors.

d.answers (a), (b), and (c).

A

D

66
Q

Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE) is caused by

A

an aerodynamic interaction between the main and tail rotors.

67
Q

Best Rate of climb is the

a.greatest altitude in the shortest time.

b.shortest distance in the shortest time.

c.greatest altitude in the shortest distance.

d.greatest distance in the shortest time.

A

A

68
Q

A condition most critical for a helicopter with a counterclockwise rotor rotation leading to dynamic rollover is

A

Right skid down and translating tendency

69
Q

The corrective action to prevent mast bumping in flight is to

A

Apply aft cyclic to reload the rotor

70
Q

A helicopter loaded with the CG too far forward

a.could over flare during an autorotation.

b.could lose rearward cyclic control as fuel is consumed.

c.would hover with a nose high attitude.

d.would accelerate slower when transitioning from hover to forward flight.

A

B

71
Q

The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is

A

Light quartering tailwind

72
Q

The distance from the datum line to any item is known as?

A

The arm

73
Q

What does a CRFI of 1.0 mean?

A

Maximum friction coefficient for a bare and dry runway.

74
Q

Define Standard Empty Weight?

A

Weight of the aircraft with all of the standard equipment installed. (Usually includes the unusable fuel, operating fluids and full engine oil)

75
Q

The pilot is unsure if the aircraft is airworthy. What should he do?

A

Find an AME to help determine if the aircraft is airworthy.

76
Q

Zero Fuel Weight is ?

A

the weight of the airplane, crew, passengers, baggage, oil and unusable fuel.

77
Q

What is ‘Useful Load’?

A

Useful Load is the difference between the Gross Take-off Weight and Basic Empty Weight. This would include usable fuel, the pilot, crew, passenger weight, baggage and freight weights.

78
Q

Define Basic Empty Weight?

A

Weight of the airplane with all of its optional equipment installed.

79
Q

Why it is important to calculate both take-off and landing weight and balance for each flight?

A

Because c of g will change as fuel is burned

CPL-H Exam prep (16 decks)

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