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CPL-H Exam prep > Airframes, Engines And Systems > Flashcards

Airframes, Engines And Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of airframes?
What are they made up of?

A

Truss - steel aluminum tubes welded or bolted together in the shape of a truss

Semi-monocoque/stressed skin - formers/bulkheads held together by stringers running lengthwise

Composite - made from carbon fiber, Kevlar, fibreglass

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2
Q

What are the two basic types of piston engines?

Most aviation and certified engines are?
Most ultralights are?

A

Two stroke, four stroke

Four stroke
Two stroke

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3
Q

What are the four cycles of a four stroke engine?

A

Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust

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4
Q

Most piston engines are ___ cooled.

A

Air

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5
Q

• If the ____ is broken the engine will continue to run. mags are still “LIVE” not grounded when shut down.)

A

P-Lead

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6
Q

What does the mixture do?

What are the benefits from properly setting mixture?

Too lean of a mixture can cause?

Too rich of a mixture can cause?

A

-adjusts the fuel/air by weight proportion

-benefits are fuel savings, increases efficiency of the engine, decreases chance of spark plug fouling

-too lean: rough engine, over heating, backfiring, engine stoppage

-too rich: fuel wastage, spark plug fouling, rough engine running, loss of power/engine failure

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7
Q

Turn carb heat ___ before reducing power
Turn it ___ after applying power

A

On
Off

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8
Q

A Turbocharger or Supercharger can be used to ____ and ____ the density of the air.
• The engine will then ‘think’ that it is at a ____ altitude.

A

Compress, increase
Lower

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9
Q

A turbocharger is powered by _____ _____

A

Engine exhaust, it is usually compressed prior to entering carburetor or fuel injection

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10
Q

How is a supercharger powered?

A

-Direct from engine.
-It is usually more reliable and less expensive
-takes up to 16% power from engine
- this system compresses the air downstream of the carburetor

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11
Q

Density altitude is?
How does it affect helicopter performance

A

the Pressure Altitude corrected for temperature.
> Is the altitude that the aircraft ‘thinks’ it is operating at.
Density altitude and humidity change the rotor performance.

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12
Q

____ temperature, ____ humidity, ____ altitude, ____ air density = Higher Density altitude

___ temperature, ___ humidity, ___ altitude, ___ air density = Lower Density altitude

A

High, high, high, low

Low, low, low, high

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13
Q

This temperature varies with the ratio of fuel to air entering the cylinders and can be used as a basis for regulating the fuel-air

A

Exhaust gas temperature

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14
Q

______ ______ is what is available after friction and other losses have been accounted for in the engine.

A

Brake horsepower

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15
Q

What will happen to a piston-powered aircraft if the main electrical system fails?

a.The engine will fail when battery power is depleted.

b.The engine will produce less power but continue running.

c.The engine will continue to operate because the magnetos are a separate system.

d.The propeller will windmill and provide vacuum power for the gyros.

A

C

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16
Q

Carburetor heat is normally applied

a.when on the ground while taxiing.

b.during high power operations.

c.when flying in cloud.

d.before reducing power.

A

D

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17
Q

Hot, high, and humid conditions have the effect of:

a.improving propeller efficiency.

b.increasing the amount of fuel burned per hour.

c.reducing the engine power output.

d.creating a lower density altitude.

A

C

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18
Q

One difference between the turbocharger and the supercharger is that the

a.supercharger is driven electricity.

b.turbocharger is driven by exhaust gases that would otherwise be wasted.

c.turbocharger does not require maintenance.

d.supercharger is not affected by changes in altitude.

A

B

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19
Q

The primary disadvantage of the supercharger is that it

a.takes noticeable power away from the engine to run it.

b.is more maintenance intensive than the turbocharger.

c.is more expensive to run than the turbocharger.

d.compresses the fuel and air mixture before entering the engine.

A

A

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20
Q

During which stroke is a vacuum developed in the cylinder?

a.Intake

b.Exhaust

c.Compression

d.Power

A

A

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21
Q

If you smell exhaust in the cockpit while flying, it is best to

a.turn OFF cabin heat and ventilate the cabin for fresh air

b.turn OFF the engine and make a forced approach.

c.turn OFF the electronics and plan for a precautionary landing.

d.fly to the nearest airport to investigate.

A

A

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22
Q

What would happen if a magneto ground wire or P-lead failed?

a.The engine will not start.

b.The engine would run rough during flight.

c.The engine will continue to run.

d.The engine will continue to run and remain live even after aircraft shutdown.

A

D

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23
Q

The most basic form of turbine engine is the

a.turbojet.

b.turboprop.

c.turbofan.

d.rocket jet.

A

A

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24
Q

In a turbojet engine large amounts of outside air are continuously brought in through the

a.inlet.

b.compressor.

c.turbine.

d.nozzle.

A

A

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25
Q

Two main parts of a turboprop engine are the

a.Core engine and the propeller.

b.Drive turbine and the inlet.

c.Drive turbine and the propeller.

d.Propeller and the compressor.

A

A

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26
Q

The turboshaft engine is similar to the

a.turboprop engine.

b.turbojet engine.

c.turbofan engine.

d.diesel engine

A

A

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27
Q

In a typical jet engine . . . . . lb of air per second is combined with only . . . . . lb of fuel per second.

a.100, 2

b.200, 2

c.1 000, 2

d.100, 5

A

A

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28
Q

In the turboprop engine most of the energy created by the

a.exhaust is used to turn the power turbine.

b.driveshaft is used to turn the power turbine.

c.free stream is used to turn the compressor turbine.

d.compressor is used to turn the compressor turbine.

A

A

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29
Q

How does a turbo jet work?

A

air is brought in through the front of the engine, heated, expanded, and accelerated out the back.

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30
Q

____ ____ (in compressor area of turbine) are stationary (do not rotate) and serve to convert the rotational energy into static pressure through the change in flow.

A

Stator vanes

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31
Q

____ ____ are caused by excessive angle of attack on the compressor blades.

A

Compressor stalls

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32
Q

Particle separators are used to

a.remove particles in the oil.

b.increase the power of the turbine engine.

c.remove particles that would cause engine wear or even failure.

d.increase airflow.

A

C

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33
Q

Bleed air systems on turbine powered helicopters are used for?

a.Cabin heating systems.

b.De-ice systems.

c.Preheating the engine(s).

d.Reducing back pressure for starting.

A

A

34
Q

N1 accessory drive, drives?

a.Starter/generator

b.Main rotor and tail rotor

c.Alternator

d.Air conditioning unit

A

A

35
Q

The igniter plug

a.continuously fires to keep the fuel/air mixture burning.

b.is used with only turbine engines equipped with auto relight systems.

c.ignites the fuel/air mixture during start.

d.is used in piston powered helicopters.

A

C

36
Q

Manifold pressure is a measurement of the

a.fuel pressure.

b.fuel/air ratio pressure.

c.exhaust air pressure.

d.intake air temperature.

A

B

37
Q

In a normally aspirated engine takeoff manifold pressure at full throttle is expected to be

a.slightly less than static manifold pressure.

b.slightly more than static manifold pressure.

c.equal to static manifold pressure.

d.an inch more than static manifold pressure.

A

A

38
Q

From before engine start to idle RPM manifold pressure is expected to

a.drop.

b.rise.

c.remain around the same.

d.have no trend.

A

A

39
Q

The manifold pressure gauge, while the aircraft is parked at 5 000 feet ASL with the engine(s) OFF in standard atmosphere, would read

a.24.92 in Hg.

b.29.92 in Hg.

c.near 5 in Hg.

d.near 10 in Hg.

A

A

40
Q

When a helicopters piston engine fails in flight the manifold gauge is expected to indicate

a.a drop in manifold pressure.

b.no significant change.

c.an increase in manifold pressure.

d.none of the above.

A

C

41
Q

What effect will reducing RPM have on manifold pressure during cruise flight?

a.Cause a rise

b.Cause a drop

c.Will remain unchanged

d.No predictable nature

A

A

42
Q

Conditions which can lead to carburetor icing are

a.temperature range of -13°C to +38°C with high humidity.

b.dry air and temperatures near 0°C.

c.visible moisture in the atmosphere.

d.fog, hail, or snow, and temperatures near 0°C.

A

A

43
Q

What indication may be a signal that your aircraft has carburetor ice?

a.A rapid decrease in exhaust gas temperature.

b.A slow increase in RPM or manifold pressure.

c.Engine roughness at certain RPM ranges or manifold pressures.

d.A gradual decrease in RPM or manifold pressure.

A

D

44
Q

Use of the carburetor heat while taxiing

a.could cause dust and contaminants to enter the engine.

b.decreases the engine’s warm-up time.

c.prevents fowling of the spark plugs.

d.tests the system.

A

A

45
Q

The engine begins to run roughly after applying carburetor heat. What does this indicate and what should you do?

a.A malfunction in the ignition system. Turn OFF the carburetor heat and select one mag only.

b.There is carburetor ice and it is melting. Continue with carburetor heat until the roughness is gone.

c.Induction icing is present. Lean the mixture.

d.This is normal whenever carburetor heat is used. No action is necessary.

A

B

46
Q

Carburetor heat is not needed for a fuel injection system because

a.there is higher speed of air entering the engine, warming it sufficiently.

b.the injection system has no throttle plate.

c.the alternate air system compensates for lack of heating.

d.there is no venturi and associated temperature drop.

A

D

47
Q

One advantage that fuel injection has over a carburetor is

a.not being subject to throttle plate icing.

b.much easier to start when the engine hot.

c.easier cold weather starting.

d.no need for an air filter.

A

C

48
Q

If impact icing is suspected, the correct action by the pilot of a fuel injected aircraft would be

a.carburetor heat ON.

b.carburetor heat OFF.

c.alternate air ON.

d.induction heat ON.

A

C

49
Q

What kind of icing are fuel injected engines subject to?

a.Venturi and throttle icing

b.Air filter icing only

c.Injector nozzle icing and induction icing

d.Throttle and impact icing

A

D

50
Q

Hydraulic accumulators are?

a.A reservoir for the hydraulic system.

b.Used to remove contaminates from the hydraulic fluid.

c.Used on some helicopters to store pressure in case of hydraulic pump failure.

d.Used to reduce control forces.

A

C

51
Q

If mixture adjustments are not made during high altitude operation, performance will be affected because of a _____ in the weight of air while the same amount of fuel enters the carburettor. Making for a richer mixture.
(Increase/decrease)

A

Decrease

52
Q

This type of icing can affect fuel injection systems as well as carburettor systems and is also the main type of icing hazard for turbocharged engines.

A

Induction icing

53
Q

If icing is persistent it may be necessary to continuously operate with carburetor heat (off/on).
• This will require the mixture to be ____, the less dense air results in a ____ mixture.

A

On, leaned, richer

54
Q

When does throttle ice occur most often?

A

when the throttle is partially closed and at low power settings because as the throttle closes it has the effect of a sort of venturi; as the air passes around the edges of the throttle plate it has to speed up and this again reduces the temperature in this area.

55
Q

Typically when climbing you want to run the engine a bit (rich/lean) because the aircraft is flying at a (slower/faster) airspeed and this means less air is available to cool the engine.

A

Rich, slower

56
Q

Advantages of a fuel injected system?

A

-more uniform distribution of fuel to all cylinders
-more power
-better cooling
-less susceptible to icing, no carb icing, only throttle and impact
-fuel savings
-easier starting in cold weather
-faster throttle response due to fuel being directly injected into the cylinder

57
Q

Disadvantages to fuel injection?

A

-hot start can be difficult
-ground ops on hot day can cause vapour lock
-engine restart may be difficult due to fuel exhaustion

58
Q

What is the primary purpose of the clutch?

A

Allows the engine to be started without immediately driving the main rotor system.

59
Q

What is the primary purpose of the freewheeling unit?

A

Provides disengagement of the engine from the rotor system for autorotation.

60
Q

A tail rotor gearbox is used for providing

a.a right angle drive.

b.gearing for optimum tail rotor RPM.

c.a right angle drive and may have gearing for optimum tail rotor RPM.

d.a right angle drive or has gearing for optimum tail rotor RPM.

A

C

61
Q

Tail rotors are driven by?

a.A single drive shaft.

b.Multiple drive shafts.

c.One or more drive shafts with flexible couplings.

d.Multiple drive shafts with flexible couplings.

A

C

62
Q

Free turbine engines

a.do not use a clutch unit.

b.do not use a freewheeling unit.

c.use a clutch unit.

d.are not used as helicopter engines.

A

A

63
Q

Turbine powered helicopters use?

a.Alternators for electrical power and a separate starter for starting.

b.Generators for electrical power and a separate starter for starting.

c.Starter/alternator system for electrical power and for starting.

d.Starter/generator system for electrical power and for starting.

A

D

64
Q

Alternators produce electrical power/current even at low RPM settings.
True or false?

A

True

65
Q

The _____ shows the rate of flow being produced in the electrical system.

A

Ammeter

66
Q

How many times can a breaker be reset?

A

Once, if it pops again do not reset. There is a malfunction in the system.

67
Q

In the event of an _____ failure, the ____ will provide power to the electrical system… for a limited time only!

A

Alternator, battery

68
Q

What are the 4 purposes of lubrication?

A

Cooling, sealing, lubricating, and cleaning

69
Q

What does viscosity mean in relation to lubricating oil?

A

Resistance of fluid (oil) to flow

70
Q

The purpose of a vent in the lubricating system is to

a.allow fuel vapors to escape.

b.prevent too much pressure if the system is overfilled.

c.allow the oil to be drained during oil changes.

d.provide a means of adding new oil.

A

B

71
Q

Helicopters use chip detectors to

a.alert a pilot of abnormal wear in the engine, transmission, and gearboxes.

b.collect metal particles that the oil filter does not collect.

c.indicate normal wear of engine parts.

d.alert the pilot of a gearbox failure.

A

A

72
Q

With 100/130 octane rated avgas the number 100 means the

a.maximum compression ratio allowed.

b.fuel’s lean octane rating.

c.amount of heptane in the fuel. The other number refers to its octane.

d.boiling point of the fuel under standard conditions.

A

B

73
Q

Why do some helicopters have fuel pumps?
Select one:

a.Fuel tank location does not have gravity to assist in feeding fuel to the engine.

b.Fuel tanks are located above the engine.

c.Rubber fuel bladders are being used.

d.An aft centre of gravity requiring the fuel to flow against gravity.

A

A

74
Q

• If the correct grade of fuel is NOT available use the next (higher/lower) one rather than a (higher/lower) one to prevent detonation.
• The higher lead content of the higher grade fuels can cause _____ ____ ____.

A

Higher, lower, spark plug fouling

75
Q

If the fuel cap on one of the fuel tanks works loose during flight the tank will?

A

The tank will empty

76
Q

Fuel of a higher octane rating is required to avoid detonation. True or false?

A

True

77
Q

A chamois lined funnel should be used only in emergency, since the passage of fuel through the chamois increases the possibility of generation of a charge of electricity.
True or false?

A

True

78
Q

Hot fueling from drums should be done only:

a.under controlled conditions in compliance with CAR 602.09

b.during an emergency.

c.if it is approved in the Company Operations Manual.

d.All of the above.

A

D

79
Q

What is the major hazard in fueling from a drum during winter operations?

A

Static build up from dry air and blowing snow

80
Q

Most commonly used fire detection system in helicopters is?

A

Infrared flame detectors

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