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CPL-H Exam prep > R22 Emergency Procedures > Flashcards

R22 Emergency Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What does land immediately mean?

A

Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required.

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2
Q

What does land as soon as practical mean?

A

Landing site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.

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3
Q

How can you recognize a power failure?
Engine failure?
Drive system failure?
What do you do when these happen?

A

Power failure - engine or drive system failure usually indicated by low rpm horn.
Engine failure - may be indicated by a change in noise level, nose left yaw, an oil pressure light, or decreasing engine RPM.
Drive system failure - may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing.
What to do - immediately enter autorotation

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4
Q

What to do when collective is lowered at high airspeed?

A

Apply aft cyclic

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5
Q

Should you apply aft cyclic during touchdown?

A

No, it might cause a tail strike

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6
Q

Power failure above 500 ft?

A
  • lower collective immediately (auto)
  • establish glide 65 kts
  • adjust collective to keep rpm 97-110%
  • find landing spot, prefer into wind
  • restart may be tried if time allows
  • if unable to start, turn off unnecessary switches and fuel valve off
  • at 40 ft agl, begin flare
  • at 8 ft, level heli and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing, with level attitude and nose straight.
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7
Q

Power failure between 8-500 ft?

A
  • lower collective immediately to maintain rotor rpm
  • adjust collective to keep rpm between 97-110%
  • keep airspeed until near ground, begin flare
  • at 8 ft agl level heli and raise collective before touchdown to cushion landing, level attitude and nose straight
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8
Q

Power failure below 8 ft?

A
  • right pedal to prevent yaw
  • let heli settle
  • raise collective before touchdown to cushion landing
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9
Q

Max glide distance config?

A
  • airspeed 75 kts
  • rotor rpm 90%
  • glide ratio 4:1 1 nm per 1500 ft agl
  • Caution: increase rpm to 97% minimum when auto below 500 ft
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10
Q

Air restart procedure?

A
  • mixture full rich
  • primer down n locked if installed
  • throttle closed then cracked slightly
  • actuate starter with left hand
  • caution: do not restart if engine malfunction suspected or before safe auto has been entered
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11
Q

Emergency water landing power off?

A
  • enter auto
  • glide 65 kts
  • rotor rpm 97-110%
  • landing spot into wind
  • restart if time permits
  • if able, turn off unnecessary equip and fuel valve off
    – unlatch doors prior to water contact if time permits
  • 40 ft agl being flare
  • 8 ft level ship and raise collective to cushion landing, level attitude and nose straight
  • apply lateral cyclic after contact to stop rotors
  • release seat belt and clear aircraft when rotors stop
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12
Q

Emergency water landing power on?

A
  • Descend to hover above water
  • unlatch doors
  • passenger exit aircraft
  • fly safe distance from pass to prevent injury from rotor
  • battery and alternator off
  • roll throttle off into over travel spring
  • keep heli level and apply full collective as heli enters water
  • apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors
  • remove seat belt and exit aircraft once rotors stop
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13
Q

Loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight?
What is indication?

A
  • Nose right yaw that cannot be corrected with left pedal
  • immediate auto
  • 70 kts
  • select landing site into wind and roll throttle into over travel spring
  • perform auto landing

If suitable landing site not available you may have limited control at low power settings above 70 kts, but before reducing airspeed enter auto.

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14
Q

Loss of tail rotor thrust in hover?
What is indication?

A

Nose right yaw that cannot be stopped with left pedal.

  • immediately roll throttle into over travel spring
  • raise collective just before landing to cushion
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15
Q

Headset failure?

A

Land as soon as practical

  • if headset provides low rpm horn, pilot will not hear low rpm horn if headset fails
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16
Q

Engine fire during start on ground?

A
  • Continue crank start, which will suck excess fuel and flame into engine
  • if engine starts, run 50-60% for short time
  • fuel mixture off
  • fuel valve off
  • battery switch off
  • if time allows stop rotors
  • exit heli
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17
Q

Engine fire in flight?

A
  • enter autorotation
  • cabin heat off
  • cabin vent on
  • if engine is running: normal landing, fuel mixture off, fuel valve off
  • if engine stops running: fuel valve off and complete auto landing
  • battery switch off
  • if time allows, stop rotors
  • exit heli
18
Q

Electrical fire in flight?

A
  • battery and alternator off
  • open cabin vents
  • land immediately
  • fuel mixture and fuel valve off
  • if time permits stop rotors
  • exit heli
19
Q

What happens to low rpm warning system and governor when battery and alternator are off?

A

They are inoperative

20
Q

Tachometer failure?

A
  • use remaining tach to monitor rpm
  • if unclear which one is out, or both are out, let Governor control rpm and land as soon as practical
21
Q

What items have a special electrical circuit that allows them to function with battery and alternator off?

A

Both tachometers

22
Q

Governor failure?

A

Grip firm and override, switch to off position and complete flight using manual throttle control

23
Q

What does oil light indicate?

A

loss of engine power or oil pressure.
Check engine tach for power loss. Check oil pressure gage and, if pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately. Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure may occur.

24
Q

What does MR TEMP light mean?

A

excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox.

25
Q

What does MR CHIP light mean?

A

metallic particles in main rotor gearbox.

26
Q

What does TR CHIP light mean?

A

metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox.

27
Q
  1. If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, what should you do?
  2. If there is no other indication of a problem, what should you do?
A
  1. Land immediately
  2. Land as soon as practical
28
Q

What does LOW FUEL light indicate?

A

Indicates approximately 1.5 gallons of usable fuel remaining (10 mins at cruise power)

29
Q

What does CLUTCH light indicate?

A

Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before light goes out.

30
Q

Sometimes the clutch circuit flickers or comes on during flight, what do you do if it stays on for more than 10 seconds?

A

pull CLUTCH circuit breaker and land as soon as practical.
Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of drive system failure (be prepared to enter autorotation). Have drive system inspected for a possible malfunction.

31
Q

What does ALT light indicate?

A

Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure. Turn off nonessential electrical equipment and switch ALT off and back on after one second to reset alternator control unit. If light stays on, I land as soon as practical. Continued flight without functioning alternator can result in loss of power to tachometers, producing a hazardous flight condition.

32
Q

What does STARTER ON light indicate?

A

Indicates starter motor is engaged.

If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. Have starter motor serviced.

33
Q

What does LOW RPM light indicate?
What to do to restore it?

A

Indicates rotor speed below 97% RPM.

To restore RPM, immediately lower collective, roll throttle on and, in forward flight, apply aft cyclic. Light is disabled when collective is full down.

34
Q

What does GOV OFF light indicate?

A

Indicates engine RPM governor is switched off.

35
Q

What does CARBON MONOXIDE light indicate?
What steps should you take?
What are the symptoms?

A

Elevated levels of carbon monoxide in cabin.

Shut off heater and open nose and door vents. If hovering, land or transition to forward flight.

If any Symptoms (headache, dizziness, drowsiness) accompany light, land immediately.

36
Q

What does BRAKE light indicate?

A

Indicates rotor brake is engaged.
Release immediately in flight or before starting engine

37
Q

What does FULL THROTTLE light indicate?

A

Indicates engine near full throttle. The governor will be ineffective because it cannot increase throttle to maintain RPM. Lower collective as required to extinguish light.

38
Q

What does a high rpm warble mean?

A

On later aircraft, a warble (high/low tone) in the audio system indicates rotor speed is approaching 110% RPM limit. Raise collective as required to control RPM.

39
Q

What to do in a right roll low G position?

A

Apply gradual aft cyclic, don’t apply lateral cyclic until positive G forces and rotor thrust have been restored.

40
Q

What to do in uncommanded pitch, roll or yaw from in flight turbulence?

A

Minimize control inputs in turbulence, do not over control.

41
Q

What to do in an encounter with moderate, severe or extreme turbulence?

A

If turbulence is isolated, leave the area, otherwise land as soon as practical.

CPL-H Exam prep (16 decks)

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