Theories of Counseling and the Helping Relationship* Flashcards
What percentage of counselors consider themselves eclectic in theory?
37 percent or more.
Who studied under Freud and created individual psychology and analytic psychology respectively?
Alfred Adler and Carl Jung
What does transactional analysis posit?
There are 3 ego states: The child, adult, and the parent.
How do the three ego states in Transactional Analysis (TA) relate to Freud’s structural theory?
Analogous to the id, eg, and superego.
In TA and psychoanalysis, what is considered the conscience?
Parent and superego
What does Freud believe leads to development of the superego?
Resolution of the Oedipus/Electra complex
How does resolution of the Oedipus/Electra complex develop the superego?
Identification with the same sex parent
How does Freud refer to the ego?
executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle
What are Eros and Thanatos?
Life and Death instincts
What is free association?
Encouraging the client to say whatever is on his mind
What theory is systematic desensitization associated with?
Behavior therapy
Which theorists are considered to be analytic?
Freud, Jung, and Adler
Who is responsible for classical conditioning?
Pavlov
What does Freud say about dreams?
They have manifest and latent content.
What is transference?
When a client projects feelings towards the therapist that he originally had towards someone else.
Who is Little Albert?
A child who was used in an experiment by John B. Watson to condition fear of furry objects
Who is Little Hans?
Was used to contrast between psychoanalysis and behavior therapy
Who is Anna O.?
A patient of Freud who suffered from “hysteria”
How do psychoanalysts conduct therapy?
3-5 sessions a week for several years, using a couch so client can’t see therapist
What is catharsis or abreaction?
Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions and feelings
What are the equivalents to id, ego, and superego (structural theory) in topographical theory?
Unconscious, preconscious, and conscious
What is introspection?
A process in which the client attempts to describe his internal thoughts, feelings, and ideas.
What is the most controversial part of Freud’s theory?
The Oedipus/Electra complex
What is the most important part of Freud’s theory?
The unconscious mind
What is SUDS?
Subjective units of distress scale
What is the Subjective units of distress scale used for?
Used to form a hierarchy to perform Wolpe’s systematic desensitization.
What is evidence for the unconscious mind?
Hypnosis, slips of the tongue and humor, and dreams
What is the preconscious mind responsible for?
Bringing ideas to the forefront
Defense mechanisms are the result of what?
Unconscious processes
How is suppression different from repression?
Repression is an automatic/involuntary process.
What is sublimation?
When a person acts out an unconscious impulse in a socially acceptable way.
What is reaction formation?
Occurs when a person can’t accept a given impulse and thus behaves in the opposite manner.
What is the sour grapes rationalization?
Saying a wonderful thing is actually distasteful to protect a bruised ego.
What is sweet lemon rationalization?
Making a bad situation sound good.
What is projection?
Attributing qualities of his own to others.
What is the compensation defense mechanism?
Attempting to develop or overdevelop a positive trait to make up for a limitation.
What is the purpose of interpretation in counseling?
Make the client aware of unconscious processes.
Who’s work is organ inferiority?
Alfred Adler’s work
Who’s work is insight attributed to?
Wolfgang Kohler
What kind of psychologist is Wolfgang Kohler?
Gestalt
