Groups Flashcards
Prior to the 1960s most counseling took place
a. in a group setting.
b. with the entire family present.
c. in a dyadic relationship.
d. in Behavior Therapy clinics.
c. in a dyadic relationship.
A group has
a. a membership which can be defi ned.
b. some degree of unity and interaction.
c. a shared purpose.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
The term group therapy was coined in 1931 by
a. Frank Parsons, the Father of guidance.
b. Jacob Moreno, the Father of psychodrama.
c. E. G. Williamson, associated with the Minnesota Viewpoint.
d. Fritz Perls, the Father of gestalt therapy.
b. Jacob Moreno, the Father of psychodrama.
In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created:
a. NASW and NBCC.
b. ASGW and AAS.
c. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama
and the American Group Psychotherapy Association.
d. AACD and APA.
c. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama
and the American Group Psychotherapy Association.
Which theorist’s work has been classified as a preface to the
group movement?
a. Freud.
b. Jung.
c. Jessie B. Davis.
d. Adler.
d. Adler.
Primary groups are
a. preventive and attempt to ward off problems.
b. always follow a person-centered paradigm.
c. generally utilized for long-term psychotherapy.
d. always focused on the client’s childhood.
a. preventive and attempt to ward off problems.
A group is classified as secondary. This implies that
a. it is preventive and attempts to ward off problems.
b. a difficulty or disturbance is present.
c. two therapists are utilized.
d. all of the above.
b. a difficulty or disturbance is present.
When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary
group
a. the tertiary focuses less on individual members.
b. the tertiary focuses more on the here-and-now.
c. the tertiary is less likely to deal with severe pathology.
d. the tertiary is more likely to deal with severe pathology.
d. the tertiary is more likely to deal with severe pathology.
Group norms
a. exist only in encounter groups.
b. exist only in career counseling groups.
c. are not related to group cohesiveness.
d. govern acceptable behavior and group rules.
d. govern acceptable behavior and group rules.
Group therapy initially flourished in the United States due to
a. Freud’s lectures in this country.
b. a shortage of competent career counselors.
c. a shortage of individual therapists during World War II.
d. pressure from nondirective therapists pushing encounter
groups.
c. a shortage of individual therapists during World War II.
Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting.
Group process refers to
a. analysis of the unconscious.
b. analysis of the ego.
c. the T-group paradigm.
d. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur.
d. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur.
Group cohesiveness refers to
a. forces which tend to bind group members together.
b. an analysis of group content.
c. a common coleadership style.
d. a style of leadership.
a. forces which tend to bind group members together.
Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling
(which is also called an interpersonal problem solving
group) in that
a. group counseling would be of longer duration.
b. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction
group, would be of longer duration.
c. group counseling requires far more training.
d. group therapy addresses a less disturbed population of
clients.
b. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction
group, would be of longer duration.
Most experts would agree that overall
a. structured exercises are more effective than unstructured
techniques.
b. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured
techniques.
c. all well-trained therapists favor structured exercises over
unstructured techniques.
d. ethical guidelines must forbid unstructured techniques
because they can be dangerous to the depressed or anxious
client.
b. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured
techniques.
One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more
clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor
can be too focused on group processes and
a. thus individual issues are not properly examined.
b. the group becomes too behavioristic.
c. a and b.
d. thus the group focuses too much on content.
a. thus individual issues are not properly examined.
According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will
a. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision,
prior to the group discussion.
b. be more conservative than the average group member’s
decision, prior to the group discussion.
c. often be aggressive or illegal.
d. violate the group’s confidentiality norms.
a. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision,
prior to the group discussion.
T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in
an effective manner. The “T” in T-groups merely stands for
a. techniques.
b. taxonomy.
c. training.
d. testing.
c. training.
A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training
group. Most assertiveness training groups are
a. unstructured.
b. psychodynamic or person-centered.
c. focused heavily on existential concerns.
d. behavioristic and highly structured.
d. behavioristic and highly structured.
Weight Watchers is a
a. T-group also called a training group.
b. self-help or support group as is AA.
c. psychotherapy group.
d. marathon group.
b. self-help or support group as is AA.
ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential
group members
a. for all groups.
b. only when the group is in a hospital inpatient setting.
c. only when the group is composed of minors.
d. only if the group deals with chemical dependency.
a. for all groups.
A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to
participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights
at his private practice offi ce. Which client would most likely be
the poorest choice for a group member?
a. A shy librarian.
b. An anxious salesman with no group experience.
c. An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker.
d. A student with 16 hours toward her M.Ed in counseling.
c. An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker.
A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college
counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest
choice for a group member?
a. A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic.
b. A second-year student who stutters.
c. A graduate student with a facial tic.
d. A fourth-year student with obsessive-compulsive (OCD)
tendencies.
a. A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic.
A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately.
Although private screening interviews are not as cost
effective or as time efficient, many group leaders feel they are
superior inasmuch as private screening sessions
a. intensify transference.
b. encourage catharsis.
c. intensify abreaction.
d. are generally superior in terms of counselor/client interaction.
d. are generally superior in terms of counselor/client interaction.
Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that
the most important trait for group members is the ability
a. to open up.
b. to listen.
c. to trust.
d. to convey empathy.
d. to convey empathy.
Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that
a. open groups are limited to hospital settings.
b. in an open group members can socialize between group
meetings.
c. closed groups always employ coleaders.
d. closed groups allow no new members after the group begins
d. closed groups allow no new members after the group begins
One major advantage of a closed group versus an open group is
a. cost effectiveness.
b. it promotes cohesiveness.
c. it lessens counselor burnout.
d. it allows the members to meet less frequently.
b. it promotes cohesiveness.
One major disadvantage of a closed group versus an open group
is that
a. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members.
b. closed groups cannot provide depth therapy.
c. it promotes paranoid feelings in group members.
d. closed groups are much more structured.
a. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members.
The number of people in an open group is generally
a. more stable than in a closed group.
b. much smaller after an extended period of time than in a
closed group.
c. signifi cantly larger than in a closed group.
d. more dependent on the group leader’s marketing skills
than in a closed group.
a. more stable than in a closed group.
One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that
a. new members are not accepted after the first meeting.
b. the leader does not control the screening process.
c. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed
information or experiences.
d. the group is generally too behavioristic for depth therapy
to occur.
c. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed
information or experiences.
When a group member is speaking, it is best for the counselor
to
a. try to face the group member.
b. not face the group member, as this does not appear genuine
in a group setting.
c. smile while listening.
d. suppress genuine emotion.
a. try to face the group member.
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients
are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely
that
a. an African-American client and a Caucasian leader would
sit close together.
b. a Hispanic client and an African-American leader would
sit close together.
c. an Asian-American client and an African-American leader
would sit close together.
d. an Asian-American leader and an Asian-American client
would sit close together.
d. an Asian-American leader and an Asian-American client
would sit close together.
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients
are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that
a. a male leader in a designer suit and a female client in cutoff
jeans will sit close together.
b. a Hispanic male leader in a designer suit and an Asian
male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close
together.
c. a Caucasian female leader in a designer outfit and a Caucasian
male client in a pair of old jeans and an undershirt
will sit close together.
d. a male leader in a designer suit and a female client in a
jogging suit and old tennis shoes with holes in them will
sit close together.
b. a Hispanic male leader in a designer suit and an Asian
male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close
together.
Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative
of a leader focused on process rather than product?
a. “Jim seems more relaxed today.”
b. “Sally seems a bit self-critical this evening.”
c. “I hear a lot of sadness in Betty’s voice.”
d. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
d. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center
for adolescents focuses on product rather than process?
a. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for
supplementary tokens.”
b. “And Karen looks down when Bill discusses relationships.”
c. “It sounds like there is a deep sense of hurt….”
d. “Oh, so you fold your arms and sort of close up when Carey
mentions the angry side of your personality.”
a. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for
supplementary tokens.”
Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests
that
a. we are unique and so are our problems.
b. there is a universal way to solve nearly any diffi culty.
c. a and b.
d. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem.
d. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem.
In the late 1930s researchers identified three basic leadership
styles:
a. directive, nondirective, and semipassive.
b. autocratic (authoritarian), democratic, and laissez faire.
c. relaxed, anxious, and tense.
d. assertive, nonassertive, and aggressive
b. autocratic (authoritarian), democratic, and laissez faire.
The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the
group, while the laissez faire leader
a. assigns a group member as the authoritarian.
b. has a hands-off policy and participates very little.
c. has the most desirable style of leadership.
d. nearly always run open-ended groups.
b. has a hands-off policy and participates very little.
When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire
styles,
a. the autocratic is the most desirable.
b. the laissez faire is the most desirable.
c. the democratic is the most desirable.
d. there is no discernable difference in effectiveness.
c. the democratic is the most desirable
A group with more than one leader is said to utilize coleaders.
Coleadership is desirable because
a. the group can go on even if one leader is absent.
b. two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one
leader.
c. leaders can process their feelings between sessions.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Coleadership
a. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety.
b. increases burnout.
c. has no impact on burnout.
d. should not be used for open groups.
a. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety.
