Theories Flashcards
Bowenian Family Therapy
Improving the intergenerational transmission process.
SYSTEMS THEORY
Comprising component parts that work together families, communities, & societies.
FAMILY THEORIES
Social worker must look at the family as a whole
Strategic Family Therapy
Social worker initiates what happens during therapy for dysfunctional family by designing a approach for each persons problem to make it solvable.
GROUP THEORIES/WORK
Helps individuals enhance their social functioning through purposeful group experiences, as well as to cope more effectively with their personal, group, or community problems.
Psychodrama
Treatment approach members of
the group re-create their problems and devote themselves to the role dilemmas of each member.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES
They all emphasize unconscious motives and desires, & the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud, a client is the product of his past and treatment involves dealing with the repressed material in the unconscious.Behavior and personality derive from 3 different levels of awareness: the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious
3 levels of awareness -Psychoanalytic Theory
The conscious whats happening now
The preconscious contains all the information outside of a client’s attention but readily available if
needed
The unconscious contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories with no awareness that influences daily decisions
Freud proposed that personalities have three components
Id: Unconscious instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses toward
survival, sex, and aggression, drive to achieve pleasure & avoid pain.
Ego: Reality principle manages the conflict between the id and the constraints of the real
world.
Superego: It contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society. Causes clients to feel guilty when they go against society’s rules
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Freud believed that personality solidifies during childhood, largely before age 5.He believed that at each stage of development, children gain sexual gratification or sensual
pleasure
Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler believed that the
main motivations for human behavior are striving for
perfection
Self Psychology
Help client develop greater sense of self. Motivating force in personality.Ex. Empathetic responses Child needs are met and develops a strong sense of self hood.
Self Psychology 3 objects
Mirroring: validates the child’s sense of a perfect self
Idealization: child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable
Twinship/Twinning: child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging
Ego Psychology
Focuses on the rational, conscious processes of the ego, (here and now).How a client behaves in relation to the situation he or she finds himself or herself in or to other people
Reality testing: a client’s perception of the situation
Coping abilities stress and its effects and to maintain & enhance ego control
Psychosocial Development
Erikson, there are eight distinct stages, with two possible outcomes. Successful
completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and successful interactions with others.
Stages of Psychosocial Development- Erikson
- Trust Versus Mistrust. From birth to 1 year of age, children begin to learn the ability to trust others
based upon the consistency of their caregiver(s). - Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt. Between the ages of 1 and 3, children begin to assert their
independence by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices
about what they like to wear, to eat, and so on - Initiative Versus Guilt. Around age 3 and continuing to age 6, children assert themselves more
frequently. They begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. - Industry Versus Inferiority. From age 6 to puberty, children begin to develop a sense of pride in
their accomplishments. They initiate projects, see them through to completion, and feel good about what
they have achieved. - Identity Versus Role Confusion. During adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood is
most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of
career, relationships, families, housing, and so on. - Intimacy Versus Isolation. In young adulthood, individuals begin to share themselves more
intimately with others and explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with others
outside the family. - Generativity Versus Stagnation. During middle adulthood, individuals establish careers, settle
down within relationships, begin families, and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. They
give back to society through raising children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in
community activities and organizations. - Ego Integrity Versus Despair. As individuals grow older and become senior citizens, they tend to
slow down and explore life as retired people.
Object Relations Theory
Margaret Mahler’s work about relationships with parents and children develop an attachment to an object.
Behavioral Theory
Personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment.The goal is to modify observable behavior rather then personality.
2 fundamental classes of behavior
- Respondent: involuntary behavior (anxiety, sexual response) that is automatically elicited by
certain behavior. - Operant: voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the
environment.
Learning Theory
How information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning.All play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed, as well as how knowledge and skills are retained.
4 distinct orientations learning theories
- Behaviorist (Pavlov, Skinner)—learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in
the external environment are the locus of learning. Social workers aim to change the external
environment in order to bring about desired change. - Cognitive (Piaget)—learning is viewed through internal mental processes (including insight,
information processing, memory, and perception) and the locus of learning is internal cognitive
structures. Social workers aim to develop opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve
learning. - Humanistic (Maslow)—learning is viewed as a person’s activities aimed at reaching his or her
full potential, and the locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs. Social workers
aim to develop the whole person. - Social/Situational (Bandura)—learning is obtained between people and their environment and
their interactions and observations in social contexts. Social workers establish opportunities for
conversation and participation to occur.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
Community development is ultimately about getting community members working together in
collective action to tackle problems & or dreams that many individuals may be experiencing
6 areas to focus these sources of power on the problem(s) and mobilizing resources
Coercive: power from control of punishment
Reward: power from control of rewards
Expert: power from superior ability or knowledge
Referent: power from having charisma or identification with others who have power
Legitimate: power from having legitimate authority
Informational: power from having information
(PIE) PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT
Highlights the importance of understanding individual behavior in contexts in which a client lives and acts social role the environment, mental health,and physical health.
ADDICTION risk factors
Including, but not limited to:
- Family
- Social
- Psychiatric
- Behavioral
5 Different models are believed to explain the causes of substance abuse
- Hereditary .
- Medical model: Addiction is considered a chronic,
- Self-medication model: Substances relieve symptoms of a psychiatric disorder
- Family and environmental model
- Social model
COMMUNICATION THEORIES
Communication theory involves the ways in which information is transmitted; how people receive, feel, evaluate and act from information from their own feelings, thoughts, memories,
Goals of Treatment
- Abstinence from substances
- Maximizing life functioning
- Preventing or reducing the frequency and severity of relapse
