Theories

Question 1

Bowenian Family Therapy

Answer 1

Improving the intergenerational transmission process.

Question 2

SYSTEMS THEORY

Answer 2

Comprising component parts that work together families, communities, & societies.

Question 3

FAMILY THEORIES

Answer 3

Social worker must look at the family as a whole

Question 4

Strategic Family Therapy

Answer 4

Social worker initiates what happens during therapy for dysfunctional family by designing a approach for each persons problem to make it solvable.

Question 5

GROUP THEORIES/WORK

Answer 5

Helps individuals enhance their social functioning through purposeful group experiences, as well as to cope more effectively with their personal, group, or community problems.

Question 6

Psychodrama

Answer 6

Treatment approach members of

the group re-create their problems and devote themselves to the role dilemmas of each member.

Question 7

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES

Answer 7

They all emphasize unconscious motives and desires, & the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.

Question 8

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 8

Sigmund Freud, a client is the product of his past and treatment involves dealing with the repressed material in the unconscious.Behavior and personality derive from 3 different levels of awareness: the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious

Question 9

3 levels of awareness -Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 9

The conscious whats happening now

The preconscious contains all the information outside of a client’s attention but readily available if
needed

The unconscious contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories with no awareness that influences daily decisions

Question 10

Freud proposed that personalities have three components

Answer 10

Id: Unconscious instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses toward
survival, sex, and aggression, drive to achieve pleasure & avoid pain.

Ego: Reality principle manages the conflict between the id and the constraints of the real
world.

Superego: It contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society. Causes clients to feel guilty when they go against society’s rules

Question 11

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Answer 11

Freud believed that personality solidifies during childhood, largely before age 5.He believed that at each stage of development, children gain sexual gratification or sensual
pleasure

Question 12

Individual Psychology

Answer 12

Alfred Adler believed that the
main motivations for human behavior are striving for
perfection

Question 13

Self Psychology

Answer 13

Help client develop greater sense of self. Motivating force in personality.Ex. Empathetic responses Child needs are met and develops a strong sense of self hood.

Question 14

Self Psychology 3 objects

Answer 14

Mirroring: validates the child’s sense of a perfect self

Idealization: child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable

Twinship/Twinning: child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging

Question 15

Ego Psychology

Answer 15

Focuses on the rational, conscious processes of the ego, (here and now).How a client behaves in relation to the situation he or she finds himself or herself in or to other people

Reality testing: a client’s perception of the situation
Coping abilities stress and its effects and to maintain & enhance ego control

Question 16

Psychosocial Development

Answer 16

Erikson, there are eight distinct stages, with two possible outcomes. Successful
completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and successful interactions with others.

Question 17

Stages of Psychosocial Development- Erikson

Answer 17

1. Trust Versus Mistrust. From birth to 1 year of age, children begin to learn the ability to trust others
   based upon the consistency of their caregiver(s).
2. Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt. Between the ages of 1 and 3, children begin to assert their
   independence by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices
   about what they like to wear, to eat, and so on
3. Initiative Versus Guilt. Around age 3 and continuing to age 6, children assert themselves more
   frequently. They begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others.
4. Industry Versus Inferiority. From age 6 to puberty, children begin to develop a sense of pride in
   their accomplishments. They initiate projects, see them through to completion, and feel good about what
   they have achieved.
5. Identity Versus Role Confusion. During adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood is
   most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of
   career, relationships, families, housing, and so on.
6. Intimacy Versus Isolation. In young adulthood, individuals begin to share themselves more
   intimately with others and explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with others
   outside the family.
7. Generativity Versus Stagnation. During middle adulthood, individuals establish careers, settle
   down within relationships, begin families, and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. They
   give back to society through raising children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in
   community activities and organizations.
8. Ego Integrity Versus Despair. As individuals grow older and become senior citizens, they tend to
   slow down and explore life as retired people.

Question 18

Object Relations Theory

Answer 18

Margaret Mahler’s work about relationships with parents and children develop an attachment to an object.

Question 19

Behavioral Theory

Answer 19

Personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment.The goal is to modify observable behavior rather then personality.

Question 20

2 fundamental classes of behavior

Answer 20

1. Respondent: involuntary behavior (anxiety, sexual response) that is automatically elicited by
   certain behavior.
2. Operant: voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the
   environment.

Question 21

Learning Theory

Answer 21

How information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning.All play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed, as well as how knowledge and skills are retained.

Question 22

4 distinct orientations learning theories

Answer 22

1. Behaviorist (Pavlov, Skinner)—learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in
   the external environment are the locus of learning. Social workers aim to change the external
   environment in order to bring about desired change.
2. Cognitive (Piaget)—learning is viewed through internal mental processes (including insight,
   information processing, memory, and perception) and the locus of learning is internal cognitive
   structures. Social workers aim to develop opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve
   learning.
3. Humanistic (Maslow)—learning is viewed as a person’s activities aimed at reaching his or her
   full potential, and the locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs. Social workers
   aim to develop the whole person.
4. Social/Situational (Bandura)—learning is obtained between people and their environment and
   their interactions and observations in social contexts. Social workers establish opportunities for
   conversation and participation to occur.

Question 23

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Answer 23

Community development is ultimately about getting community members working together in
collective action to tackle problems & or dreams that many individuals may be experiencing

Question 24

6 areas to focus these sources of power on the problem(s) and mobilizing resources

Answer 24

Coercive: power from control of punishment

Reward: power from control of rewards

Expert: power from superior ability or knowledge

Referent: power from having charisma or identification with others who have power

Legitimate: power from having legitimate authority

Informational: power from having information

Question 25

(PIE) PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT

Answer 25

Highlights the importance of understanding individual behavior in contexts in which a client lives and acts social role the environment, mental health,and physical health.

Question 26

ADDICTION risk factors

Answer 26

Including, but not limited to:

1. Family
2. Social
3. Psychiatric
4. Behavioral

Question 27

5 Different models are believed to explain the causes of substance abuse

Answer 27

1. Hereditary .
2. Medical model: Addiction is considered a chronic,
3. Self-medication model: Substances relieve symptoms of a psychiatric disorder
4. Family and environmental model
5. Social model

Question 28

COMMUNICATION THEORIES

Answer 28

Communication theory involves the ways in which information is transmitted; how people receive, feel, evaluate and act from information from their own feelings, thoughts, memories,

Question 29

Goals of Treatment

Answer 29

1. Abstinence from substances
2. Maximizing life functioning
3. Preventing or reducing the frequency and severity of relapse