IMPACT OF STRESS, TRAUMA, AND VIOLENCE Flashcards
Traumatic experiences
often involve a threat to life or safety, but any situation that has individuals overwhelmed and alone can be traumatic,
An event will most likely lead to emotional or psychological trauma if:
It happened unexpectedly There was not preparation for it There is a feeling of having been powerless to prevent it It happened repeatedly Someone was intentionally cruel It happened in childhood
Signs of abuse Suspicious injury
not consistent with history of injury, unusual locations, various stages of
healing, bites, repeated minor injuries, delay in seeking treatment, old scars or new injuries from
weapons
Signs of abuse Somatic complaints
without a specific diagnosis (such as chronic pain—head, abdomen, pelvis,
back, or neck)
Signs of abuse Behavioral presentation
crying, minimizing, no emotional expression, anxious or angry, defensive, fearful eye contact
Signs of abuse Controlling/coercive behavior of partner
partner hovers, overly concerned, won’t leave client unattended, client defers to partner, fear of speaking in front of partner or disagreeing with him
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Social needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs
Physiological needs
biological needs such as food, water, oxygen
Safety needs
There is a need to feel safe from harm, danger, or threat of destruction
Social needs
Friendship, intimacy, affection, and love are needed—from one’s work group, family, friends, or romantic relationships
Esteem needs
People need a stable, firmly based level of self-respect and respect from others
Self-actualization needs
There is a need to be oneself, to act consistently with whom one is it is an ongoing process
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross DYNAMICS OF GRIEF AND LOSS
Denial and isolation: Shock is replaced with the feeling of “this can’t be happening to me.”
Anger: The emotional confusion that results from this loss may lead to anger and finding someone
or something to blame—“why me?”
Bargaining: The next stage may result in trying to negotiate with one’s self (or a higher power) to
attempt to change what has occurred.
Depression: A period of sadness and loneliness then will occur in which a person reflects on his or
her grief and loss.
Acceptance: After time feeling depressed about the loss, a person will eventually be at peace with
what happened.
Hope is not a separate stage, but is possible at any stage
