Theoretical Foundations of nursing ch 4

Question 1

nursing theory

Answer 1

a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, and or prescribes nursing care

Question 2

4 components of a theory

Answer 2

1. phenomenon
2. concepts
3. definitions
4. assumptions

Question 3

phenomenon

Answer 3

term, description, or label given to describe an idea or reponsesabout an event, situation, process, or groups of events or situations. May be permanent or temporary (ex self-care, response to stress)

Question 4

concept

Answer 4

help describe or label phenomena, communicate meaning

-words or phrases that establish structure and boundaries

Question 5

definitions

Answer 5

communicate the general meaning of the concepts of a theory

• theoretical/ conceptual (define concept aka dictionary)
• operational (state how concepts are measured)

Question 6

assumptions

Answer 6

accepted as truths and based on values and beliefs

Question 7

domain

Answer 7

the perspective or territory of a profession or discipline

Question 8

paradigm

Answer 8

pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of a discipline
-links the concepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline

Question 9

nursing metaparadigm

Answer 9

understood and explains what nursing IS, what it DOES, and WHY

Question 10

4 concepts of nursing metapardigm

Answer 10

1. person
2. health
3. environment/situation
4. nursing

Question 11

grand theory

Answer 11

broad in scope, complex
no guidelines but gives structural framework for abstract ideas
-most abstract

Question 12

middle-range theory

Answer 12

address specific phenomena and reflect practices of administration, clinical intervention, or teaching

Question 13

practice theory

Answer 13

narrow scope and focus
situational- brings nursing to the bedside
guide nursing care of a specific population at a specific time

Question 14

descriptive theory

Answer 14

describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur
-don’t direct specific nursing activities or attempt to produce change but help explain pt assessments

Question 15

prescriptive theory

Answer 15

least abstract
address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict consequences
-anticipate the outcomes of nursing interventions

Question 16

Nightingdales environmental theory

Answer 16

grand theory

environment as nursing focus

Question 17

Orem’s self care deficit nursing theory

Answer 17

grand theory

goal for pt to manage their own self-care needs

Question 18

Leninger’s Culture Care theory

Answer 18

middle-range theory

include pt culture into care plans

Question 19

Abdellah’s patient centered care theory

Answer 19

nurses address 21 nursing problems to meet pt physical, psychology, and social needs and should stive to know each pt. RN uses previous experience

Question 20

Watson’s caring theory

Answer 20

Caring is a fundamental component based on 10 carative factors. Purpose is to understand the interrelationship among health, illness, and human behavior rather than disease-cure model. Uses transpersonal relationship that facilitates pt self-healing.