Theoretical Foundations of nursing ch 4 Flashcards
nursing theory
a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, and or prescribes nursing care
4 components of a theory
- phenomenon
- concepts
- definitions
- assumptions
phenomenon
term, description, or label given to describe an idea or reponsesabout an event, situation, process, or groups of events or situations. May be permanent or temporary (ex self-care, response to stress)
concept
help describe or label phenomena, communicate meaning
-words or phrases that establish structure and boundaries
definitions
communicate the general meaning of the concepts of a theory
- theoretical/ conceptual (define concept aka dictionary)
- operational (state how concepts are measured)
assumptions
accepted as truths and based on values and beliefs
domain
the perspective or territory of a profession or discipline
paradigm
pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of a discipline
-links the concepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline
nursing metaparadigm
understood and explains what nursing IS, what it DOES, and WHY
4 concepts of nursing metapardigm
- person
- health
- environment/situation
- nursing
grand theory
broad in scope, complex
no guidelines but gives structural framework for abstract ideas
-most abstract
middle-range theory
address specific phenomena and reflect practices of administration, clinical intervention, or teaching
practice theory
narrow scope and focus
situational- brings nursing to the bedside
guide nursing care of a specific population at a specific time
descriptive theory
describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur
-don’t direct specific nursing activities or attempt to produce change but help explain pt assessments
prescriptive theory
least abstract
address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict consequences
-anticipate the outcomes of nursing interventions
Nightingdales environmental theory
grand theory
environment as nursing focus
Orem’s self care deficit nursing theory
grand theory
goal for pt to manage their own self-care needs
Leninger’s Culture Care theory
middle-range theory
include pt culture into care plans
Abdellah’s patient centered care theory
nurses address 21 nursing problems to meet pt physical, psychology, and social needs and should stive to know each pt. RN uses previous experience
Watson’s caring theory
Caring is a fundamental component based on 10 carative factors. Purpose is to understand the interrelationship among health, illness, and human behavior rather than disease-cure model. Uses transpersonal relationship that facilitates pt self-healing.
