pharmacology quiz

Question 1

additive summation- relationship

Answer 1

1+1=2

Question 2

additive summation- description

Answer 2

2 meds w similar therapeutic effects are taken together, resulting in the sum of the drugs effects

Question 3

additive summation- positive results

Answer 3

codeine and acetaminophen, both analgesics, work differently to reduce pain- when combined, the additive effect is better control of pain

Question 4

additive summation- negative results

Answer 4

Alcohol & salicylates can both cause GI
bleeding – when a salicylate & alcohol
are consumed together, the risk for GI
bleeding is greatly increased because
each agent independently can cause GI
bleeding
 Taking 2 vasodilators together (such as
hydralazine for hypertension and NTG
for angina) can result in severe hypotension

Question 5

synergism- relationship

Answer 5

1+1=3

Question 6

synergism- description

Answer 6

harmonious action of 2 agents
with different mechanisms of
action
 total effects are greater than the
sum of independent effects

Question 7

synergism-positive results

Answer 7

2 different antibiotics
combined (such as a
penicillin and an
aminoglycoside) can treat
severe infections better than
either alone
 vasodilator combined with
diuretic can decreased blood
pressure better than with
either drug alone

Question 8

synergism- negative results

Answer 8

alcohol & sedative-hypnotics taken
together can cause worsened respiratory
depression
 alcohol and narcotic analgesics (such as
morphine) together can cause severe
CNS depression that may be fatal

Question 9

potentiation- relationship

Answer 9

1/2+1=2

Question 10

potentiation- description

Answer 10

a med (#1) is given with another
med (#2) to increase serum med
levels of med #1; meds have
different mechanisms of action
 effects of one med are modified
by prior or concurrent
administration of another

Question 11

potentiation- positive results

Answer 11

Probenecid given with
penicillin to increase the
effects of penicillin
(Probenecid inhibits renal
tubule reabsorption of PCN)
 Hydroxyzine (antiemetic
with mild analgesic effects)
given with morphine
(narcotic analgesic) to
increase pain-relieving
ability of morphine without
increasing dose of morphine

Question 12

potentiation- negative results

Answer 12

Quinidine (antiarrhythmic) may increase
digoxin levels by 50%, increasing the
risk for digoxin toxicity

Question 13

antagonism- relationship

Answer 13

1+1=0

Question 14

antagonism description

Answer 14

one med counteracts/diminishes
action of another med, often by
blocking/occupying /competing
for receptor sites

Question 15

antagonism- positive results

Answer 15

Narcan (a narcotic
antagonist) can reverse toxic
effects of narcotics

Question 16

antagonism- negative results

Answer 16

 BP-increasing allergy medicine can
negate the effects of an antihypertensive
drug
 Antibiotic tetracycline is not absorbed
well from the GI tract if calcium or an
antacid is present in the stomach

Question 17

PHARMACOKINETICS- definition

Answer 17

Movement of meds in the
body
“What the body does to the
drug”

Question 18

PHARMACOKINETICS- processes and components

Answer 18

 Absorption
 Bioavailability
 Distribution
 Metabolism
 Excretion
 Half-life
 Steady state
 Serum concentration
 Clearance

Question 19

PHARMACOKINETICS- implications and significance

Answer 19

Med timing/frequency
 Route selection
 Risk for med action
 alteration
 Patient response

Question 20

PHARMACODYNAMICS- definition

Answer 20

Drug actions on target cells
& resulting alterations in
functions
“What the drug does to
the body”

Question 21

PHARMACODYNAMICS- processes and components

Answer 21

Drug action
 Potency
 Efficacy
 Effective, maintenance &
loading doses
 Therapeutic index
 MEC
 Expected therapeutic
 effect (classification)
 Nontherapeutic
 effects

Question 22

PHARMACODYNAMICS- implications and significance

Answer 22

Med dosage
 Med interactions
 Effects:
 Side / adverse / toxic
 Reactions:
 Allergic
 Idiosyncratic

Question 23

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS- definition

Answer 23

Use of medicine in the treatment of
disease
“What the drug does to the disease
or illness”

Question 24

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS- processes and components

Answer 24

Preventative
 Diagnostic
 Curative
 Empiric
 Replacement
 Symptomatic
 Palliative
 Supportive
 Maintenance

Question 25

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS- implications and significance

Answer 25

Assessment of med need and

effects