Theoretic basis of practice

Question 1

What is the interpersonal relations model and phases?

Answer 1

Nurse patient relationships must pass through phases to be successful. Phases are orientation (data collection, assessments), identification (goal setting), exploitation (patient initiated, they seek help), and resolution (termination of relationship). Nursing roles are being a teacher, resource, counsellor, surrogate (substitute for another), and stranger (after same courtesy as they would to stranger).

Question 2

4 levels of anxiety in interpersonal relations model?

Answer 2

1- mild: state of heightened awareness, its beneficial
2- moderate: decreased focus and perception
3- severe: dread/terror/overwhelming, focus is all over
4- panic attacks: loss of rational thought, delusions/hallucinations

Question 3

What is ida orlando’s model?

Answer 3

Focused on dynamic nurse and patient relationship. Focuses on the whole patient/unmet needs. Its goal directed, says all patient behaviour can be cry for help (verbal or non verbal). Want to have deliberate actions (think your actions through) than automatic.

Question 4

Who is Joyce Travelbee and her perspectives?

Answer 4

Provided an existential perspective on life and believed that humans seek meaning into their life/experiences. Said nurses beliefs about suffering is important in how they respond to patients. She promoted use of interpersonal process within interventions. Want to help patients find meaning of suffering.

Question 5

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse and model?

Answer 5

Made human becoming model about the quality of life. 3 principles are meaning, transcendence (how you transform), and rhythmicity. Individual is seen as open/free to make meaning of their own life. Had 4 postulates (claims).

Question 6

Patricia Benner and beliefs?

Answer 6

Said nursing was a caring relationship. Person is a self interpreted being. Primary of caring helped to frame the standards of PMH nursing practice.

Question 7

Jean Watson?

Answer 7

Came up with science of caring. She believed that caring is foundation of nursing. Based off of 7 assumptions and 10 carrative factors.

Question 8

Philip barkers tidal model?

Answer 8

Emphasizes the centrality of lived experiences and listens to peoples stories. Its recovery focused, and change is core element. Includes 10 commitments of care

Question 9

McGill model of nursing?

Answer 9

Health promotion model that has strength based approach. Says significant relationships are important. 4 major concepts- health, family, collaboration, learning. Thinks that all families possess capability of health.

Question 10

Imogene King theory of goal attainment?

Answer 10

Says nursing is a process of human interactions (personal, inter-social, social systems interact). People are goal orientated/purposeful. Through communication they set goals/ways to achieve goals.

Question 11

Betty neuman and systems/stress model?

Answer 11

Stresses can come from anywhere. 2 concerns- nature of relationships and patients response to stressors.

Question 12

Dorothea omen and self care theory?

Answer 12

Self care means independent activity that promotes and maintains wellbeing. Nursing systems have actions to meet patients self care needs. Has an intervention focus- acting/doing, guiding, teaching, supporting, environment.

Question 13

Calista roy and adaption model?

Answer 13

Has a holistic perspective and 2 coping mechanisms are regulator/cognator. 4 adaptive modes- physiological, self concept, role function, interdependence. Interventions will focus on adaption through the 4 modes.

Question 14

Who is Martha rogers and beliefs?

Answer 14

Says patients are unitary human beings that have a capacity for change. Interventions focus on interplay between person/environment. Life events can change potential to change/grow.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic theory by Freud?

Answer 15

Concerned with unconscious, psychoanalysis, transference/counter transference (direction of your feelings onto patient can interfere with therapists ability to understand patient). He also describes developmental stages, personality structure, levels of awareness.

Question 16

What is rogers’s patient centred theory and 3 aspects?

Answer 16

Patient is the expert and capable of making their own goals. Includes unconditional psotive regard, accurate empathetic understanding, and congruence (be genuine).

Question 17

What is gestalt therapy?

Answer 17

Aims for client to gain greater awareness of their experience of being in the world. Express your feelings to the person if they were actually there (role play or re-enact). Used for neurotic anxiety.

Question 18

Maslows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 18

Explains human needs/motivation. Lower level are survival needs then the top is self actualization (achieving ones full potential).

Question 19

What is the pavlovian theory?

Answer 19

Describes classical conditioning (2 stimuli are repeatedly paired, a response is initiated by the 2nd stimuli, and then is eventually elicited alone). By ringing a bell every time the dogs are fed eventually dogs would drool every time they heard the bell ring.

Question 20

Behaviourism by john watson?

Answer 20

Science of observable behaviour. Frequency (more often a response is made the more likely it’ll be repeated) and recency (more recent a response to a stimulus is made, the more likely it’ll be repeated).

Question 21

Edward Thorndike law of effect?

Answer 21

Behaviours followed by a reward/reinforcement are more likely in the future. Behaviours followed by a punishment are less likely.

Question 22

B.F. Skinner operant conditioning?

Answer 22

Form of learning in which the motivation for a behaviour happens after behaviour is demonstrated.Behaviour that’s rewarded is likely to be repeated and behaviour that’s punished in less likely to happen.

Question 23

What bandura social cognitive theory?

Answer 23

Emphasizes dynamic interaction between people, their behaviour, and their environments. Individuals learn about world by modelling, disinhibition, elicitation, and self- efficacy.

Question 24

Aaron becks cognitive theory?

Answer 24

Considers the relationship between negative views about the world- negative views about the future- negative views about oneself. He created it for depression.

Question 25

Erik Erickson theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 25

8 stages of development organized according to developmental conflicts experienced by each age.

Question 26

Jean piaget theory of cognitive development?

Answer 26

Views intelligence as an adaption to the environment. 4 stages of development (sensorimotor intelligence, pre operational thinking, concrete operational thinking, and formal operational thinking). Each stage correlates with age period of childhood.

Question 27

Carol gillian theory about gender?

Answer 27

Describes The ways that men and women approach moral problems/identifies differences. Men she said privatize ethics of justice while women privatize ethics of care.

Question 28

What do role theories describe?

Answer 28

Individuals social position and function within an environment. They emphasize importance of social interaction, and are useful to understand group interactions/role within families and communities.

Question 29

What is madeline leininger transcultural care theory?

Answer 29

Nurses can’t separate worldviews, cultural beliefs/practices, social structure factors from health/wellness/illness/care when working with cultures.

Question 30

What is Frankl’s logotherapy?

Answer 30

He developed this theory after his experience in Nazi camps. Focused on helping a person find meaning in life, and by doing that they can cope with suffering.

Question 31

What is yalom’s existential psychotherapy?

Answer 31

Considers central life concerns like death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. These categories help reframe problems individuals encounter as givens of human existence.