Stress, Trauma, Crisis, and Disaster

Question 1

What is stress?

Answer 1

Relationship between person/environment that’s appraised as exceeding the persons resources and endangering their wellbeing.

Question 2

Physiological and sympathetic responses to stress?

Answer 2

P- begins in CNS but then involves all body systems
S- prepares us for flight or fight

Question 3

How can social support hlep with stress?

Answer 3

It enhances health and wellbeing. Can be functional/structural.

Question 4

What is dis-support?

Answer 4

Some relationships can be harmful and damaging/make things worse.

Question 5

What is coping?

Answer 5

Individuals constant changing cognitive/behavioural effects to manage demands that are taxing or exceeding the individuals resources.

Question 6

What is a traumatic stressor?

Answer 6

Event that may cause or threaten death/injury/sexual violence to individuals/family members/ friends.

Question 7

What is acute stress disorder?

Answer 7

Individual has experienced severe threat in which life/injury is/appears to be at stake. This experience must continue to affect their mental health status (arousal, intrusive memories, changes in behaviour/functioning).

Question 8

PTSD?

Answer 8

Diagnosis made if experiences or witness threat of death/injury to self or others. They will relive traumatic experiences, intrusive thoughts, emotional avoidance, cause inability to concentrate, difficulty sleep, risk of suicide.

Question 9

Predictive factors for PTSD?

Answer 9

Being female, past trauma, availability of support, type/severity of trauma

Question 10

Treatments for PTSD?

Answer 10

CBT, psychotherapy, meds, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

Question 11

What is collective trauma?

Answer 11

Traumatic event is experienced by proportion of a social group. Can have long term consequences for that group so social norms/functioning/structure of group may be modified.

Question 12

What is historical trauma?

Answer 12

Social group is affected by consequences of adversities over time that outweighs group resiliency factors.

Question 13

Trauma informed care and 4 principles of it?

Answer 13

Approach to all clients that takes into consideration violence and trauma and responses by individuals. 4 principles- trauma awareness, emphasize safety/trustworthiness, opportunity for choice/collaboration, and strength based/skill building.

Question 14

How to care for stressed people?

Answer 14

Eliminate/moderate stressor if possible, reduces effects of stress response, facilitate coping skills, educate about stress response/coping skills.

Question 15

What to assess for biologically for stress?

Answer 15

Physical appearance, S+S of sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal, alterations in vegetative functions, alterations in activity, meds, drugs, immune system suppression, chronic illnesses.

Question 16

Interventions biologic?

Answer 16

Routines for ADLS, nutrition, sleep, good hygiene, exercise to provide structure/enhance self confidence, yoga/meditation, EMDR, health teaching.

Question 17

Psychological assessment?

Answer 17

Observe for indicators of stress, explore changes in mood/emotional distress, note changes in mental status, explore alterations in day to day functioning, current resources.

Question 18

Psychological interventions?

Answer 18

CBT, relaxation therapy, assertiveness training, psycho educational interventions

Question 19

Social assessment?

Answer 19

Recent life changes, social network/support, functions, reciprocity, length/quality of relationships.

Question 20

Social interventions?

Answer 20

Educate family about clients disorder/their involvement, referral to family therapy if needed, interventions to facilitate social functioning/promote wellbeing of social network members.

Question 21

Spiritual assessment?

Answer 21

Nurses need to recognize occuence of questioning life means

Question 22

What is a crisis?

Answer 22

Individual encounters obstacle/problem that might affect their life goals. Can’t be solved by customary problem solving methods. It’s acute/time limited.

Question 23

What is situational crisis?

Answer 23

Event that overwhelms individuals coping resources/upsets their equilibrium

Question 24

What is developmental crisis?

Answer 24

Demands from social environment exert pressure to move onto the next developmental stage. Failure to meet these new expectations cause developmental crisis.

Question 25

Nursing care for crisis?

Answer 25

Want to have early intervention, want stability and facilitate understanding, problem solve, encourage self reliance. Short stay hospitalization, telephone hotlines.

Question 26

What is a disaster?

Answer 26

Hazard intersects with community in a way that exceeds communities ability to cope and may cause serious harm to safety/health/property of people. May be caused by nature (hurricane), malicious/unintentional human action (terror attacks, accidents).

Question 27

What are the phases of disaster?

Answer 27

Preparation (planning, training for event that can’t be mitigated) response (immediately after disaster, safety and wellbeing are in emergency), recovery (restoration efforts) and mitigation (actions taken to prevent or reduce impact of disaster),

Question 28

Metnal health first aid 3 steps?

Answer 28

3 steps- recognize change in behaviour of individual, respond with confident conversation, and guid to appropriate resources and support

Question 29

5 key responses of psychological first aid (PFA)

Answer 29

Sense of safety, calming, sense of self and community efficacy, connectedness, and hope.