Substance use and Addictive disorders Flashcards
What is an addiction?
Chronic and relapsing/treatable medical condition. Characterized by inability to abstain, impairment in behaviour control, cravings, diminished recognition of problems with behaviour, dysfunctional emotion response, and has cycle of relapse/remission.
What are addictive substances used for r/t neuro?
Pleasurable effects, to alter mental status, improve performance, relieve border, and self medicate
What does addictive substances stimulate?
Reward brain pathway which increases dopamine concentrations.
True or false: abuse is more prevalent in males and women are more vulnerable for developing addiction
True
Ranges of addiciton (3 types)
Mild: Prescence of 2/3 more symptoms
Moderate: Presence of 4/5 symptoms
Severe: 6+ symptoms
10 classes of substances?
Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, stimulants, and tobacco.
What are the behaviours of criteria grouped into?
Impaired control, risk use, social impairment, and pharmacological categories.
What are some non substance disorders?
Gambling, sex addiction, exercise addiction, shopping addition, and internet gaming addiction.
true or false: alcohol is most used substance in Canada and caffeine is most used worldwide
True
Principles of addiction treatment?
- Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that affects brain function and behaviour
No single treatment is appropriate for everyone.
Treatment needs to be readily available.
Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just his or her drug abuse.
Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is critical.
Behavioural therapies—including individual, family, or group counselling—are the most commonly used forms of drug abuse treatment.
Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients, especially when combined with counselling and other behavioural therapies
An individual’s treatment and services plan must be assessed continually and modified as necessary, to ensure that it meets his or her changing needs.
Many drug-addicted individuals also have other mental disorders.
Medically assisted detoxification is only the first stage of addiction treatment and by itself does little to change long-term drug abuse.
Treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective.
Drug use during treatment must be monitored continuously, as lapses during treatment do occur.
Treatment programs should assess patients for the presence of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases as well as provide targeted risk reduction counselling, linking patients to treatment if necessary.
What is detoxification?
Management not treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Goals are to provide safe withdrawal, protect patients dignity, and prepare patient for ongoing treatment.
What to assess for multidimensional assessment?
Substance use (onset, quantity, frequency, route), psych assessment (family and social hx, emotion, behaviours, complications, risk of harm), collateral info (resistance, relapse, recovery, rating scales)
Harm reduction?
Reduce risk of adverse consequences arising form substance use. 5 principles- consequences of substance use, minimization of harm, social/environmental use, education, and interventions.
Acute effects of alcohol as well as when concentration increases?
Feelings of warmth, relaxation, mild sedation and lack of social disinhibition
Impairment of motor/speech, blackouts/confusion/delirium, respiratory failure, stupor, coma, death.
What is alcohol withdrawal and sytmpoms?
Reduction of consumption/abstinence may lead to withdrawal symptoms. These start hrs after last consumption. S- death, delirium, seizures, HTN, tachycardia, diaphoresis
