Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

Has positive and negative symptoms, 3 stages, is unique/unpredictable, recovery is possible but cure is not, symptoms will differ between person to person.

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2
Q

3 stages of schizophrenia?

A
  1. Acute illness period- first episode of psychosis, has positive/negative symptoms, stay up all night/withdraw from social situations, they are untreated
  2. Stabilization period- get initial diagnosis, treatment given, symptoms stabilize
  3. Maintenance/recovery period- being able to live with condition, there can be relapses
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3
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

First rank. Symptoms reflect excess/distortion of normal functions. Things like hallucinations, delusions, and thought disturbances.

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4
Q

Negative symptoms?

A

Second rank, reflect lessening/loss of normal functions like withdrawing from social situations, flat affect, inability to make decisions…

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5
Q

Hallucinations?

A

Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli. Can involve all 5 senses.

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6
Q

Delusions and 4 types?

A

Fixed/false belief that involves misinterpretation of experience.

grandiose- belief that one has exceptional powers
nihilistic- belief that one is dead or smothering is impending, impending doom
persecutory- belief that someone is watching them/going to hurt them
somatic- belief that something is wrong with the body

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7
Q

What is alogia?

A

Ability to converse is diminished. Reduced fluency of thought/speech

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8
Q

What is ambivalence?

A

Inability to make decisions

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9
Q

What is avolition?

A

Inability to self motivate/persist in goal directed activity

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10
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Inability to socialize/inability to experience pleasure.

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11
Q

What is blunted and flat affect?

A

B- facial expression are diminished/totally lacking
F- showing little to no emotion even when personal loss occurs

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12
Q

Neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia?

A

Problems with memory, viligance, verbal learning, and executive functioning. Includes disorganized symptoms- disorganized speech, thinking, and behaviour (make it difficult to understand/respond to ordinary sounds/sights of daily living).

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13
Q

What are illusions?

A

When people misperceive or exaggerate stimuli that actually exists in external environments.

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14
Q

Disorganized thinking in schizophrenia?

A

Disturbed speech/thinking patterns, thought blocking, word salads

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15
Q

Examples of disorganized behaviour?

A

Aggression, agitation, canonic excitements (hyperactive, purposeless activity, abnormal movements)

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16
Q

Echopraxia?

A

Involuntary imitation of others movements and gestures

17
Q

Regressed behaviour?

A

childlike and immature

18
Q

Hyper vigilance?

A

Sustained attention to external stimuli

19
Q

Stereotypy?

A

repetitive purposeless movements

20
Q

Risk factors for schizophrenia?

A

Genetic, age of onset (late adolescent and early adulthood), men diagnose earlier than women, comorbidities- depression, diabetes, substance use

21
Q

Biological assessment?

A

Current/pass health status, physical exam, nutrition (fluid imbalance, excessive water drinking), pharmacological assessment (meds), and physical functioning

22
Q

Biological domain of care?

A

Promote self care activities, exercise/nutrtion interventions, meds, monitor/administer meds, thermoregulation

23
Q

EPS side effects?

A

Orthostatic hypotension, gynaecomastia, weight gain, sedation, cardiac arrhythmias, agranulocystosis, NMS

24
Q

What is NMS?

A

Severe muscle rigidity, elevated temp, rapidly accelerating cascade of symptoms like HTN, tachycardia, diaphoresis, incontinence, LOC changes.

25
Q

Anticholinergic side effects?

A

Confusion, recent memory loss, agitation, dysarthria, delusions, ataxia, blurred vision, flush skin, dry membranes, difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomit. Can have hallucinations that are accompanied by picking/plucking/gasping motions

26
Q

Psychological domain?

A

Assess mental status/appearance, mood/affect, speech, thought process, disorganized communication (word salad, flight of ideas), memory, behavioural response, self concept, risk assessment (self farm, suicide),

27
Q

Nursing care for psychological domain?

A

Manage disturbed thoughts/sensory perceptions, recognize symptoms of disorders, teach pt. that hallucination/delusion are symptoms of illness, self monitor/prevent relapse, improve attention/help memory, reinforce positive behaviours, help with stress, family support, educate patients (minimal distractions, skill training).

28
Q

Social domain?

A

Look at social support systems, quality of life, family assessment.

29
Q

Interventions for social domain?

A

Promote patient safety (set limits, administer meds, monitor for agggression), support groups, milieu therapy

30
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Combo of a mood disorder and schizophrenia. Un-Interrupted period of illness where there’s major depressive/manic/mixed episode along with symptoms of schizophrenia. More common in women

31
Q

Treatment for schizoaffective disorder?

A

Antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, ECT, and psychotherapy

32
Q

Focus of Nursing care for schizoaffective

A

disturbed thought process/sensory perception, disturbed sleep patterns, insight, self care, hopelessness, powerlessness, coping, and social dysfunction

33
Q

What is a delusional disorder?

A

psychotic disorder characterized by nonbizarre, logical, stable, and well-systemized delusions that occur in the absence of other psychiatric symptoms. many types of delusional disorders