Mood disorders

Question 1

What is mood?

Answer 1

Predominant and sustained emotion the colours patients perception of the world. Normal variations in mood (sadness) occur as response to experiences and are time limited/not associated with functional impairment

Question 2

Impact of mood disorders?

Answer 2

Major depression is one of most common public health concern, females have high level of mood/anxiety diroder

Question 3

What is labile affect?

Answer 3

Varied, abrupt, rapid shifts in affective expression

Question 4

What is restricted/constricted affect?

Answer 4

Mildly reduced in range and intensity of emotional expression

Question 5

Depressive disorder?

Answer 5

5/more of symptoms are present during same 2 week period- depressed mood most of the day, loss of interest/pleasure, feel hopeless/discouraged, disruption in sleep, excessive guilt/feelings of worthlessness, low self esteem, decreased concentration, changes in appetite

Question 6

Persistent depression disorder?

Answer 6

Depression is more persistent and less severe. Long term form

Question 7

Depression in kids/teens?

Answer 7

Less likely to experience psychosis, likely to manifest symptoms of anxiety/somatic symptoms, mood may be irritable, suicide risk is real

Question 8

Depression in elderly?

Answer 8

Most don’t meet criteria for MDD, can be confused with dementia, treatment successful in 60-80% but response is slower, associated with chronic illness, and suicide is a serious risk

Question 9

Risk factor for depression?

Answer 9

Prior episode of depression, family hx of MDD, substance use, lack social support, economic difficulties, stressful life event, medical combordities

Question 10

Biological domain?

Answer 10

Systems review, medical hx, medication, use of alcohol/substances, appetite/weight, physical exam, sleep disturbance, decreased energy, loss of interest, difficulty thinking/making decisions.

Question 11

Interventions biological?

Answer 11

Sleep patterns, healthy nutrition, activity and exercise, ECT, pharmalogic, rTMS, light therapy

Question 12

Psychological domain?

Answer 12

Mood/afect, thought content, suicidal behaviour, memory, cognition, scales of self report

Question 13

Interventions for psychological?

Answer 13

Therapeutic relationship (educate about illness, encouragement, realistic goal setting), CBT, BT, interpersonal therapy, family therapy

Question 14

Social domain and interventions?

Answer 14

Developmental hx, family psych hx, support systems, education, work hx, psychical and sexual abuse, family support, quality of support system

Question 15

BPAD-I?

Answer 15

1 or more manic episodes with major depression occurrence

Question 16

BPAD II?

Answer 16

Characterized by periods of major depression and a hypomanic episode

Question 17

Features of mania?

Answer 17

Overactivity, elevated and irritable mood, grandiose ideas, inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkative, flight of ideas, and increase in goal directed activity. This will last at least a week to be considered a manic episode.

Question 18

Aetiology of BPAD?

Answer 18

Men’s at greater risk for manic episodes, many co-morbid disorders (substance use, anxiety), its genetic (has to have a 1st degree relative- parent).

Question 19

Biological domain?

Answer 19

Evolution of mania symptoms, change in sleep, irritability, physical exhaustion, eating habits, weight loss, alcohol/substance use, pharmacological

Question 20

Biological interventions?

Answer 20

Physical care (sleep, rest, hydration, nutrition), teaching, sleep routine, lithium carbonate therapy

Question 21

Psychological domain?

Answer 21

Mood, cognition, thought disturbances, stress/coping factors, risk assessment (suicide, violent behaviours)

Interventions- psychoeducation, psychotherapy, CBT

Question 22

Social domain?

Answer 22

Assess social and occutpional changes, cultural views of mental illness.

Question 23

What is a dysthymic disorder?

Answer 23

Less severe form of MDD. Has 2/more of the following symptoms: eating/behaviour changes, loss of energy, difficulty concentrating, low self esteem, feelings of hopelessness in the past 2 years

Question 24

True or false: MDD is more common among 1st degree relatives and indigenous people have higher rates of suicide

Answer 24

True for both

Question 25

What is a hypomanic episode?

Answer 25

Period of elevated/irritable mood that lasts 4 consecutive days. It includes same symptoms as mania but is a shorter duration. They have no marked impairments in social/occupational functioning, but they have more fluctuations in the way they present themselves during acute illness (high anxiety, agitation…)