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Stage 1 > Theme 1 anatomy > Flashcards

Theme 1 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

function of bones

A

support, act as levers, protection, calcium store

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2
Q

ligaments

A

bones join to strengthen joints

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3
Q

tendons

A

connect muscle to bone

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4
Q

what is function of lymphatic system

A

transport fat
antibiotic manufacture
drainage

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5
Q

what are the lymphatic drainage mechanisms

A

negative thoracic pressure, vessel contraction, valve and muscle pumps

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6
Q

what is the clinal importance of the lymphatic system

A

drainage patterns are consistent so are predictive of infection spread
can be predictive of tumour spread

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7
Q

what are the functions of the nervous system

A

receive sensory input
initiate & regulate behavior in response to an external stimuli
maintain homeostasis

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8
Q

what are the anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

central ns: brain and spinal cord

peripheral ns: peripheral nerves and ganglia

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9
Q

what are peripheral nerves

A

bundles of myelinated axons- connects cns to other parts of the body

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10
Q

what are ganglia

A

small clusters of neuronal cell bodies outside of the cns

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11
Q

what is grey matter

A

nerve cell bodies & their processes including glia

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12
Q

what are glial cells

A

cells in the ns that support, nourish, and protect neurons (provide insulation)

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13
Q

what is white matter

A

nerve cell axons (+ glia)- connecting different parts of grey matter to eachother

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14
Q

what are the anatomical divisions of the peripheral ns

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, afferent axons, efferent axons, somatic & autonomic ns

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15
Q

what is the function of cranial nerves

A

connect brain to body

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16
Q

what is the function of spinal nerves

A

connects spinal cord to body

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17
Q

what do neurones of the somatic ns

A

skin, skeletal muscle, bones and joints

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18
Q

what do neurones of the autonomic ns supply

A

glands, visceral, smooth muscle & cardiac muscle

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19
Q

what cranial are sensory only

A

olfactory (I)
optic (II)
vestibulocochlear (VIII)

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20
Q

what cranial nerves are motor only

A 
oculomotor (III)
trochlear (IV) 
abducent (VI) 
accessory (XI)
hypoglossal (XII)
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21
Q

what cranial nerves are both motor and sensory nerves?

A

trigeminal (V)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)

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22
Q

what do the spinal nerves exit through

A

intervertebral foramen

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23
Q

when excited what do spinal nerves divide into

A

anterior and posterior rami

24
Q

what do anterior rami supply

A

mixed sensory and motor nerves to the lateran and ant aspects of the trunk and all the upper and lower limbs

25
Q

what do posterior rami supply

A

mixed sensory and motor nerves to structures at the back of the head

26
Q

what is a plexus

A

network of nerves- branching and rejoining pattern

27
Q

cervical plexus root values

A

formed by anterior rami C1-C4

28
Q

brachial plexus root values

A

formed by anterior rami of C5-T1

29
Q

what is the role of the somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary movement

connects cns to body wall, skin, skeletal muscle and joints
regulates response to external stimuli

30
Q

what is the autonomic ns

A

part of peripheral ns that controls the glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

31
Q

what are the two components of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. motor component (controls smooth muscle, contractions of viscera, blood vessels and secretions of glands 2.autonomic sensory component (provides feedback for cns control of viscera, vessels and glands)
32
Q

what are the functions of the ANS?

A

connects cns to glands, smooth and cardiac muscles
regulates responses to internal stimuli
functions to maintain homeostasis
(mostly under reflex control)

33
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system

A 
decrease heart rate 
increase gut motility 
increase saliva
dilates blood vessels in the skin 
constricts pupil
34
Q

what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A 
constricts blood vessels 
increase heart rate 
decrease gut motility
release adrenaline from adrenal medulla
dilates pupil
35
Q

what type of outflow does the sns have

A

thoracolumbar

preganglionic axons leave between T1 & L3

36
Q

what type of outflow does the psns have

A

craniosacral

preganglionic axons leave brain and sacral spinal cord

37
Q

why are SNS preganglionic axons shorter than PSNS

A

the ganglia are located close to the spinal cord

its post ganglionic axons are longer

38
Q

what are the functions of the skull

A 
encloses & protects the brain 
attachment of muscles 
jaw for biting and chewing respiratory skeleton 
protects ear 
protects eye 
protects organ of smell
39
Q

what does supraorbital fo transmit

A

supraorbital vessels and nerves

40
Q

what does infraorbital fo transmit

A

infraorbital vessels and nerves

41
Q

what does the mental fo transmit

A

mental vessels and nerves

42
Q

what does the carotid canal transmit

A

internal carotid artery and carotid plexus

43
Q

what does the stylomastoid fo transmit

A

facial n

44
Q

what does jugular fo transmit

A

9, 10, 11 int jug vein

45
Q

what does fo ovale transmit

A

v3

46
Q

what does fo spinosum transmit

A

middle meningeal a

47
Q

what does hypoglossal canal transmit

A

CN XII

48
Q

what structures does brachial plexus supply

A

all upper limb structures

49
Q

what structures does the cervical plexus supply

A

structures in the anterior and lateral regions of the neck

50
Q

what is the structure of the autonomic nervous system

A

parasympathetic ns : brain and spinal cord (motor neurones)

sympathetic ns: thoracic & lumbar spinal cord

51
Q

what vessel supplies deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the RV

A

pulmonary artery

52
Q

what vessel supplies oxygenated blood from the lung to the LA

A

pulmonary vein

53
Q

what vessel carries oxygenated blood to the left ventricle

A

aorta

54
Q

what vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

A

descending aorta

55
Q

what vessel supplies deoxygenated blood to the RA

A

sup vena cava

Stage 1 (21 decks)

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