The war of barons 1459-1461 Flashcards
what was the Great council?
-in may 1459, the king and queen sent out letters summoning their military forces to Lesticer, the great council was set to meet in Coventry in June
-Those who failed to come where indicted although it was unclear weather York and the Neville’s were not invited or failed to come
-Yorkist’s suspected that Margret had made a call to council, so York made a plan for a meeting of his own at Ludlow castle.
what happened at the battle of Blore Heath?
-September 1459, convinced that York was planning to steal the throne, Margret and Humphry Stratford, Duke of Buckingham raised an army
- Yorkist had suspicions that Margret was going to make a move so along side the Earl of Salisbury and Warwick, raised their armies to meet at Ludlow
-to prevent Yorkist armies joining, Lord Aubrey’s force intercepted and attacked Salisbury’s force
-Yorkists had 3,000-5,000 men while Lancastrians had 8,000-14,000 men
-2,000 Lancastrian’s died including Lord Aubrey
What was the Rout of Ludford Bridge ?
-October 1459, the 2 sides met at Ludford Bridge, leading to the flight and failure of the Yorkist
-The Yorkist wanted to advance towards Worcester but quickly met the Lancastrian’s led by Henry VI. Outnumbering Yorkists 3-1
-Even worse for Yorkist, the kings banners were present at the battle, so the Yorkist looked like rebels
-The Yorkist realised their loss and fled to Calais, leaving troops behind
What was the parliament of Devils?
-Margret wanted the parliament of Devils because the Lancastrian’s were at a strong position that she didn’t want to loose
-The act of attaines was passed which convicted the Yorkist leaders of Treason, taking away their lands and titles
-she took it a step further by disinheriting their heirs and giving Yorkist land away
What were the aims of the Yorkist invasion?
-March 1460: confidant of support in Calais, Warwick left Garrison to go to Ireland to discuss campaign strategies with York.
June 1460: Lord Fauconburg (Warwick’s brother) led a raid in Sandwich on Kent securing the port for the invasion
-26th June 1460: The Yorkist army, a ford of 2,000 led by Warwick, Salisbury and Earl of March landed in sandwich and marched through Kent to London
-2nd July 1460: Yorkist forces arrived in London and were treated as hero’s. Henry VI had already fled the city and summoned his supporters to Northampton
What was the battle of Northampton ?
-10th July 1460, disastrous for Lancastrian’s. They were outnumbered, forces were defeated within 30 minutes and 300-400 Lancastrian’s died
-Deflection of Lord Grey aiding the Yorkists turning the battle into a rout
- Henry’s supporters, Buckingham, Shrewsbury and Egermont were killed in battle
-Henry was captured and taken to the towers of London
What was the act of Accord ?
-York produced a detailed support claim based on his dependent from Lionel of Antwerp
-Compromise in October 1460 which recognised York as Henry VI’s successor, disinheriting Henry’s son
What was the Battle of Wakefield ?
-December 1460, Margret had raised troops in the North with the Earl of Northumberland and Duke of Somerset, also support of Scottish troops,
-York had spent Christmas at sandal castle near Wakefield, the castle was seized by Lancastrian’s
-York left the castle to go look for his foregoing group when he was surprised attacked
- York and his second son were both killed
What was the Battle of Mortimers cross?
-2nd February 1461, Edward, Duke of York and Earl of March were determined to get revenge
-a group of Lancastrian’s tired to stop York’s group from getting into London
- on the morning 3 sons were seen shining , Edward saw this as a sign of support and victory
-Yorkist win
What was the 2nd Battle of St.Albans ?
-17th February 1461, Margret and her army went to save Henry who was in control of Warwick
- The Yorkists under Warwick suffered a defeat as Henry was took back to Margret
-Margret failed to gain control of London back though, Yorkist still having control
What happened at the battle of Ferrybridge?
-March 1461,
-Small force of Lancastrian’s attempted to stop Yorkists troops under Warwick using the bridge crossing at Ferrybridge
- Warwick was wounded but victorious
What happened at the battle of Towton?
-March 1461, Lancastrian’s had a force of 42,000 while Yorkists has 36,000
- the day of the battle had extremely bad weather, the wind helped Yorkist archers and the snow hindered Lancastrian’s eye sight
- Known as the bloodiest and biggest fight with 28,000 deaths combined
-Yorkist Victory
