the origins of conflict 1450-59

Question 1

what was the faction between York and Somerset?

Answer 1

• as henry’s closest relative, York believed he would become the king’s chief adviser, his exclusion became a source of resentment
• Somerset replaced York as the king’s military commander in France while York was sidelined to Ireland

Question 2

what was the faction between Percy’s and Neville’s?

Answer 2

-in 1452, William Percy was made Bishop of Carlisle, a title long held by the Neville’s.
- both sides clashed at Stamford bridge in 1454, resulting in hundreds dead.

Question 3

why did Henry VI take over the government?

Answer 3

• Henry took over the government in 1437 after being heavily influenced by the Duke of Suffolk and Somerset . this led to tensions and instability which Henry could not control

Question 4

what happened in 1453

Answer 4

• Henry suffered from a mental breakdown, going into a catatonic state.

Question 5

what happened to Henry’s uncle?

Answer 5

-in 1447, the Duke of Gloucester, was brought down by his rival, cardinal Henry Beaufort, who accused him of treason
- Henry did nothing to help his uncle, causing instability/unpopularity for Henry

Question 6

what was the naval report?

Answer 6

• in 1446, Jhon Capgrave reported naval and coastal security neglected
• this led people to criticize Henry for his lack of ability to provide protection and peace

Question 7

why was the Duke of Suffolk seen as the “evil councilor”?

Answer 7

• corrupt leader who took advantage of Henry’s weaknesses
  -favored his own men and wasted the king’s money on gifts and land
  -took the law into his own hands to protect friends from execution

Question 8

how did Britain loose Normandy?

Answer 8

-1449 Henry restarts war with France after following Suffolk’s advice of capturing the town of forgoes
-Charles VII of France declares war, sending 3 armies into Normandy
-1450, Henry try’s to recover by sending British troops to receive Somerset’s army but the troops got overwhelmed before it got to Cain. Somerset surrendered the town so he could escape
- by 1451 Normandy and Gascony lost to the French

Question 9

what were the consequences of the loss of Normandy?

Answer 9

-slumps in trade because merchants could no longer easily trade with French towns
-troops were left in French towns in danger, others weren’t getting paid or fed.

Question 10

what was the treaty of tours?

Answer 10

• the treaty of tours was signed in 1444, stopping war between Britain and France.
• it was seen as Henry’s “Greatest achievement” while king
• Henry had to marry Margret of Anjou

Question 11

what were the reasons for Cades Rebellion?

Answer 11

• fear of revenge
  -corrupt advisers
  -Henry VI

Question 12

what was cades Rebellion?

Answer 12

-started 2nd may 1450, when the Duke of Suffolk died
- on the 11th June rebels camped on black heath, the kings advisers sent negotiations but this failed.
-15th June the rebels de-camped after the lords took it into their own hands
-by 25th June Henry and other Lords had fled London
-29th June the rebels returned to black heath, joining with men from Sussex and surrey
-1st/2nd July rebels crossed the bridge, execution of Lord Saye and William Crowner

Question 13

why did cades rebellion end?

Answer 13

-5th July 1450, Londoners started to turn against cade because of poor conditions/ behaviors
- Cade fled from London
-by the 12th July, Rebels disband, having been given pardon Queen Margret.
- cade is executed