The growing influence of Richard, Duke of York, 1455 Flashcards
why would “clearing his name” be a valid reason for York’s return?
-during cades rebellion, cade went by the name of Mortimer, which had been York’s mothers maiden name, He needed to show that he was innocent.
why would the “demand for repayments on loans” be a valid reason for York’s return.
-York was never paid for his work as luminant in Ireland
- he owed 26,000 to the government
-Henry VI paid off Somersets loans, so he expected Henry would do it for him also
why would “to protect his position” be a valid reason for York’s return?
-York was furious that Somerset had acquired the position as chief king adviser
-needed to protect his role as heir presumptive.
how was “to remove Somerset” a valid reason for York’s return?
-angered by somersets position
-felt that Somerset was to blame for the loss of Normandy
why did York lead a coup in 1452?
-York thought that Somerset was planning an attack on him (no evidence)
-York tried to get Somerset removed though parliament but failed, so now using war
why was the coup unsuccessful ?
-Henry was active in sorting out justice
- strong economy and military compared to loss of Normandy
-majority of nobility were unwilling to take up arms in support of York
- Kent did not rile up in support because it did not want a repeat of cades rebellion.
what happened at the coup?
-York managed to acquire the support of William Courtney, Earl of Devon and Lord
-York reached Dartford in Kent on march 2nd 1452, to find Henry with his own army with Buckingham, Salisbury and Warwick.
- York was forced to submit to the king, on his knee’s stating a list of complaints about Somerset but Henry didn’t take any into consideration
-York was forced to take another oath of alliance and promise to not use violence to preserver political agenda
what was York’s first Protectorate?
- York was made protector and defender of England in 1454
-The Lords decided on the title rather than regent because it could send the wrong message - Henry had become sick again and Somerset was imprisoned by York leaving him in charge
what were York’s reforms during his 1st Protectorate ?
-increased income of the crown and navy reform
-wool trade became successful with new custom taxes, raised funds
why did York’s 1st Protectorate end?
-Henry VI recovered in January 1455, dismissing York’s protectorate
- Somerset was removed from the tower of London and returned to London
what was the 1st battle of St. Albans ?
-happened on may 22nd 1455
-York feared that Somerset would try to seek revenge for his imprisonment so he decided to strike first, raise an army, marching to London.
-somerset had an army of 2,000 while York had 3,000 BUT Somerset had Henry on his side
-York was backed up by the Earl of Warwick and Richard Neville who made the first move, destroying the barricades and attacking kings men
why did the Yorkist win the 1st battle of St. Albans?
-outnumbered Lancastrian army
-Successful surprise attack
- York had many archers which could easily attack Lancastrians from afar.
why did the Lancastrians loose the 1st battle of St. Albans ?
-Duke of Buckingham against open battle
-defense were weak
-Kings banner was not visible at battle
why was York restored for a 2nd Protectorate?
-Yorkist victory at St. Albans
-the promise to reform
-Henry’s failing health
why did York’s 2nd Protectorate end?
- Ended 25th February 1555 because York had tried to limit the size and extent control over the royal house
