The Urogenital System. Flashcards

1
Q

Define the renal artery?

A

The artery that delivers blood to the kidneys.

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2
Q

Define the renal capsule?

A

The membrane that covers the kidneys.

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3
Q

What is the urogenital system responsible for?

A

For excreting urine from the body.

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4
Q

What are the 4 features of the urogenital system?

A

The kidneys.

The urethra.

The uretas.

The bladder.

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5
Q

What kind if organ are the kidneys?

A

A paired organ.

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6
Q

What colour are the kidneys?

A

Reddish brown in colour.

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7
Q

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

A

In the sublumbar region.

On either side of the vertebral column.

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8
Q

What is each individual kidney covered by?

A

A thin fibrous capsule called the renal capsule.

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9
Q

What poles does each kidney contain?

A

A cranial and caudal pole which are located at cranial and caudal extremities.

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10
Q

What borders do the kidneys have?

A

A medial and lateral border with a dorsal and ventral surface.

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11
Q

What distinguishes the medial border of the kidneys?

A

It contains an indented oval opening.

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12
Q

What is the indented oval opening of the meadial border of the kidneys known as?

A

The hilus.

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13
Q

What if the function of the hilus?

A

It is where the ureter, renal artery and vein, lymph vessels and nerves will enter the kidney.

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14
Q

What is the location of the right kidney?

A

It lies opposite to the 3 lumbar vertebrae.

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15
Q

What is significant about the cranial lobe of the right kidney?

A

It is covered by the caudate lobe of the liver.

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16
Q

How does the positioning of the right kidney differ from that of the left kidney?

A

It is in a more cranial position than the left kidney.

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17
Q

What is the location of the left kidney?

A

It is opposite the second, third and fourth vertebrae.

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18
Q

What is the ureter?

A

A tube that exits the kidney at the hilus.

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19
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

To transmit the urine from the kidney to the bladder.

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20
Q

What is the expanded portion of the ureter that is located within the kidney?

A

The renal pelvis.

21
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

It is where all of the vessels from within the kidney will drain urine into the ureter.

22
Q

What happens once urine enters the ureter?

A

It will travel to the bladder.

23
Q

Where does the ureter enter the bladder?

A

At the dorsal part of the neck of the bladder.

24
Q

What are the 2 major structures of the kidney?

A

The internal medulla.

The external cortex.

25
Q

What is the internal medulla of the kidney formed from?

A

From several depressions that are formed within the interior of the kidney.

26
Q

What is the cortex of the kidney formed from?

A

All of the material that borders the medulla.

27
Q

Where in the kindey is the medulla found?

A

At the centre of the kidney.

28
Q

What are the structures found in the medulla?

A

Structures called renal pyramids.

29
Q

Why do the renal pyramids have a striated appearance?

A

Due the presence of numerous collecting ducts.

30
Q

What strucutre is found at the edge of the medulla?

A

A structure called the renal crest which is a ridge that runs towards the renal pelvis.

31
Q

What is the function of the renal crest?

A

It serves as the point where urine is excreted into the renal pelvis before it enters the ureter to be excreted.

32
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

It is the outer portion of the parenchyma.

33
Q

What is found in the renal cortex?

A

A series of contorted tubes that are known as nephrons.

34
Q

What is the function of the nephrons?

A

To regulate the volume and composition of extra cellular fluid for the production of urine.

35
Q

What are the 2 parts that make up the individual nephron?

A

The glomerular capsule.

The glomerulus.

36
Q

What part of the nephron do the glomerular capsule and the golmerulus make up?

A

The renal corpuscle.

37
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

A cup shaped structure that has the glomerulus in the middle and glomerular capsule on the outside.

38
Q

Where are the renal corpuscles found in the kidney?

A

In the renal cortex.

39
Q

What is found within the glomerulus of the renal corpuscle?

A

Blood capillaries.

40
Q

The renal tubules that arise from the glomerular capsule divide into what 4 structures?

A

The proximal convoluted tube.

Henley’s loop.

The distal convoluted tubule.

The collecting tubules.

41
Q

Where do the collecting tubules of the kidney run to and from?

A

They run through the medulla and open into the renal crest at the papillary duct.

42
Q

Where do the ureters begin?

A

At the renal pelvis.

43
Q

What is the job of the ureters?

A

To carry urine from the kidney to the bladder.

44
Q

What are the 3 separate layers of the ureter?

A

The outer longitudinal layer.

The middle circular layer.

The inner longitudinal layer.

45
Q

What kind of organ is the bladder?

A

A musculomembranous organ that varies in size and form depending on the amount of urine that it contains.

46
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the bladder?

A

The neck and the body.

47
Q

What are the 3 layers of the bladder?

A

Outer and inner longitudinal layers.

The thick, middle circular layer.

The mucosa layer which is made up of transitional epithelium.

48
Q

Where is the trigone found within the bladder?

A

At the urethral orifice.

49
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

It is where the bladder gives rise to the urethra which will drain urine to be excreted.