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Intro to Anatomy. > The Respiratory System. > Flashcards

The Respiratory System. Flashcards

1
Q

Define the oesophagus?

A

The tube that runs from the larynx to the stomach and is responsible for delivering food to the stomach.

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2
Q

Define the trachea?

A

The tube that runs from the larynx to the lungs and is responsible for carrying air to the lungs.

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3
Q

What is the nasal cavity?

A

The facial portion of the respiratory system.

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4
Q

Where does the nasal cavity extend to and from?

A

From the nostrils to the choanae.

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5
Q

What end of the nasal cavity can the choanae be found?

A

At the caudal end of the nasal cavity.

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6
Q

What structure separates the nasal cavity?

A

The perpendicular median plate that is also known as the septal cartilage or nasal septum.

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7
Q

What does the septal cartilage divide the nasal cavity into?

A

Into a right and left fossa.

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8
Q

What are the 4 main channels that are found in the nasal cavity?

A

The dorsal nasal meatus.

The middle nasal meatus.

The ventral nasal meatus.

The common nasal meatus.

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9
Q

The presence of what structure allows for the creation of the nasal meatus’

A

The nasal conchae.

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10
Q

What is the location of the dorsal nasal meatus?

A

It lies between the dorsal nasal concha and the ventral surface of the nasal bone.

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11
Q

What is the location of the middle nasal meatus?

A

Between the dorsal nasal concha and the ventral nasal concha.

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12
Q

What is the location of the vental nasal meatus?

A

Between the ventral nasal concha and the dorsal surface of the hard palate.

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13
Q

What is the common nasal meatus?

A

A longitudinal narrow space that lies on each side of the nasal septum.

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14
Q

What are the nasal conchae?

A

Cartilaginous ossified scrolls that are covered with mucosa.

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15
Q

What is the mucous of the nasal cavity used to do?

A

To filter dust particles from the air and to keeps the nasal cavity warm.

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16
Q

What 3 strucutres are formed by the nasal conchae in the dog?

A

Dorsal nasal concha.

Ventral nasal concha.

Ethmoidal labyrinth.

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17
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

The section of digestive tract that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx.

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18
Q

Where does the pharynx begin?

A

At the caudal section of the nasal cavity which is at the choanae.

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19
Q

Where does the oropharynx begin?

A

At the back of the oral cavity.

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20
Q

What is the area where the nasopharynx meets the oropharynx?

A

The laringopharynx.

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21
Q

What layer of tissue divides the oropharynx from the nasal pharynx?

A

The soft palate.

22
Q

What 4 strucutres are found in the pharynx?

A

The nasopharynx (the nasal pharynx).

The oropharynx (the oral pharynx).

The laringopharynx.

The inter pharyngeal osteum.

23
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nasopharynx?

A

A rostral part and a caudal part.

24
Q

What are the 4 borders of the nasopharynx?

A

A dorsal and ventral border.

2 lateral borders.

25
Q

What bone border the dorsal region of the nasopharynx?

A

The vomer bone.

26
Q

What borders the dorsal region of the nasopharynx?

A

The hard palate.

27
Q

What structure is found at the lateral borders of the nasopharynx?

A

The palatine bones.

28
Q

What happens as the pharynx reaches the larynx?

A

It splits into 2 separate pathways that cross over one another to create the inter pharyngeal osteum.

29
Q

Where is the inter pharyngeal osteum located?

A

Where the nasopharynx meets the oropharynx.

30
Q

The nasopharynx will form what tube?

A

The trachea.

31
Q

The oropharynx will form what tube?

A

The oesophagus.

32
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

To aid with vocalisation and to guard the entrance of the trachea.

33
Q

Why is it important that food does not enter the trachea?

A

So that choking does not occur.

34
Q

What stops food from entering the trachea?

A

The epiglottis.

35
Q

How does the epiglottis stop frood from entering the trachea?

A

The epiglottis is usually open which allows air into the trachea.

When food is swallowed the epiglottis will shut and block the trachea to ensure that food does not enter.

36
Q

What kind of cartilage forms the epiglottis?

A

Epiglottic cartilage.

37
Q

What part of the larynx is formed from thyroid cartilage?

A

The middle section of the larynx.

38
Q

What does thyroid cartilage consist of?

A

A right and left lamina which fuse to create the Adams apple.

39
Q

What is the only cartilage within the larynx to form a complete ring?

A

Cricoid cartilage.

40
Q

What is the arytynoid cartilage of the larynx?

A

An irregular, unpaired cartilage that articulates with the rostro-dorsal border of the cricoid cartilage.

41
Q

What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx?

A

Epiglottic cartilage.

Thyroid cartilage.

Cricoid cartilage.

Arytynoid cartilage.

42
Q

What is the trachea?

A

A non collapsible tube that starts at the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and travels towards the lungs.

43
Q

What does the trachea divide into?

A

Into 2 tubes that are known as the primary bronchi.

44
Q

What is the point at which the trachea divide into the primary bronchi known as?

A

The tracheal carina.

45
Q

What structure delivers air to each lung?

A

The primary bronchi.

46
Q

What is the trachea formed form?

A

From 35 separate bodies of hyaline cartilage that take up a C shape.

47
Q

What does the bronchial tree consist of?

A

The right and left bronchus.

48
Q

How does the bronchial tree get its names?

A

From the series of divisions that occur as the bronchi enter the lungs.

49
Q

What are the secondary bronchi formed from?

A

The splitting of the principle bronchi.

50
Q

What are the secondary bronchi also known as?

A

Lobar bronchi.

51
Q

What happens as the secondary bronchi travel further into the lungs?

A

They divide into multiple segmental bronchi until they form the brionchioles.

52
Q

What features do the bronchioles give rise to?

A

Alveolar ducts.

Alveolar sacs.

Pulmonary alveoli.

Intro to Anatomy. (12 decks)

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