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Intro to Anatomy. > Small and Large Intestine. > Flashcards

Small and Large Intestine. Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the small intestine extend to and from?

A

From the pylorus of the stomach to ileocecal orifice of the large intestine.

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2
Q

What is the longest portion of the alimentary canal?

A

The small intestine.

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3
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum.

The jejunum.

The ileum.

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4
Q

What structure attaches the duodenum to the abdominal roof?

A

The mesoduodenum.

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5
Q

What is the duodenum of the small intestine divided into?

A

The descending duodenum.

The transverse duodenum.

The ascending duodenum.

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6
Q

Where is the descending duodenum located?

A

To the right of the median plane.

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7
Q

Where is the transverse duodenum located?

A

It crosses the median plane.

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8
Q

Where is the ascending duodenum located?

A

It lies to the left of the median plane

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9
Q

What part of the duodenum shows a proximal ‘S’ shaped “cranial duodenal flexure”?

A

The descending duodenum.

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10
Q

What 2 structures form the major duodenal papillae?

A

The bile duct.

The pancreatic duct.

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11
Q

What structure forms the minor duodenal papillae?

A

The accessory pancreatic duct.

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12
Q

Where does the jejunum of the small intestine begin?

A

At the duodenojejenunal flexure. and terminate at the ileum.

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13
Q

Where does the jejunum of the small intestine end?

A

At the ileum.

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14
Q

What is the longest portion of the small intestine?

A

The jejunum.

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15
Q

The jejunum occupies what part of the abdominal cavity?

A

The ventrocaudal part of the abdominal cavity.

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16
Q

What part of the body is the jejunum attached to?

A

To the dorsal body wall.

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17
Q

What attaches the jejunum to the dorsal body wall?

A

The root of the mesentery.

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18
Q

What lies along the vessels of the mesentery?

A

Mesenteric lymph nodes.

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19
Q

What is the terminal portion of the small intestines?

A

The ileum.

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20
Q

What is the ileum of the small intestine?

A

A short segment that passes to the right of the median plane.

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21
Q

The ileum connects what parts of the intestine to one another?

A

It joins the ascending colon of the small intestine to the ileocolic orifice.

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22
Q

How is the ileum identified?

A

By the ileocecal fold and antimesenteric ileal vessels.

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23
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

A simple tube that is slightly larger than the small intestines.

24
Q

What is the most important function of the large intestine?

A

The dehydration of fecal content.

25
Q

What is the large intestine divided into?

A

The cecum.

The colon.

The rectum.

26
Q

Where is the cecum of the large intestine located?

A

To the right of the median plane, at the junction between the ileum and colon.

27
Q

What attaches the cecum of the large intestine to the ileum of the small intestine?

A

The ileocecal fold.

28
Q

How does the cecum of the large intestine communicate with the ascending colon?

A

Via the cecocolic orifice.

29
Q

What are the 3 portions of the ileum?

A

The apex.

The body.

The base.

30
Q

What ligament suspends the colon?

A

The mesocolon.

31
Q

What attaches the colon to the ascending duodenum?

A

The duodenocolic fold.

32
Q

What sections is the colon divided into?

A

The ascending colon.

The transverse colon.

The descending colon.

33
Q

Where in relation to the median plane is the ascending colon located?

A

To the right of the median plane.

34
Q

Where in relation to the median plane is the transverse colon located?

A

Cranial to the median plane.

35
Q

Where in relation to the median plane is the descending colon located?

A

To the left of the median plane.

36
Q

Where is the right colic flexure located?

A

Between ascending and transverse colons.

37
Q

Where is the left colic flexure located?

A

Between the transverse and descending colon.

38
Q

Where does the colon terminate?

A

At the rectum.

39
Q

Where does the rectum begin?

A

At the pelvic inlet.

40
Q

What ligament suspends the rectum?

A

The mesorectum which is a continuation of the mesocolon.

41
Q

Where does the rectum terminate?

A

At the dorsal aspect of the reproductive tract, bladder and urethra.

42
Q

What is the distal part of the rectum known as?

A

As the retroperitoneal.

43
Q

What is the caudal part of the rectum?

A

The anal canal.

44
Q

What is the anus?

A

The terminal opening of the alimentary canal.

45
Q

Where does the anus extend from and to?

A

From the rectum to the anus.

46
Q

Where is the anus located?

A

Ventral to the fourth caudal vertebrae.

47
Q

What is the anus surrounded by?

A

By smooth and striated muscle.

48
Q

What is the inside of the intestinal wall lined with?

A

Mucosa cells.

49
Q

How does the mucosa of the small intestine differ from the mucosa of the large intestine?

A

The mucoas of the small intestine has numerous villi which are absent in large intestine.

50
Q

What is the submucosa of the intestines composed of?

A

The tunica muscularis.

Serosa.

51
Q

What are the 2 layers of the tunica muscularis?

A

A circular and longitudinal layer.

52
Q

What are the 3 arteries that supply the intestines?

A

The celiac artery.

Cranial mesenteric artery.

Caudal mesenteric artery.

53
Q

What 6 structures does the celiac artery supply?

A

The spleen.

The liver.

The pancreas.

The esophagus.

The stomach.

The descending duodenum.

54
Q

What structures does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?

A

Everything in between the ascending duodenum, and the ascending and transverse colon.

55
Q

What structures does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?

A

The descending colon and rectum.

Intro to Anatomy. (12 decks)

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