Small and Large Intestine. Flashcards
Where does the small intestine extend to and from?
From the pylorus of the stomach to ileocecal orifice of the large intestine.
What is the longest portion of the alimentary canal?
The small intestine.
What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?
The duodenum.
The jejunum.
The ileum.
What structure attaches the duodenum to the abdominal roof?
The mesoduodenum.
What is the duodenum of the small intestine divided into?
The descending duodenum.
The transverse duodenum.
The ascending duodenum.
Where is the descending duodenum located?
To the right of the median plane.
Where is the transverse duodenum located?
It crosses the median plane.
Where is the ascending duodenum located?
It lies to the left of the median plane
What part of the duodenum shows a proximal ‘S’ shaped “cranial duodenal flexure”?
The descending duodenum.
What 2 structures form the major duodenal papillae?
The bile duct.
The pancreatic duct.
What structure forms the minor duodenal papillae?
The accessory pancreatic duct.
Where does the jejunum of the small intestine begin?
At the duodenojejenunal flexure. and terminate at the ileum.
Where does the jejunum of the small intestine end?
At the ileum.
What is the longest portion of the small intestine?
The jejunum.
The jejunum occupies what part of the abdominal cavity?
The ventrocaudal part of the abdominal cavity.
What part of the body is the jejunum attached to?
To the dorsal body wall.
What attaches the jejunum to the dorsal body wall?
The root of the mesentery.
What lies along the vessels of the mesentery?
Mesenteric lymph nodes.
What is the terminal portion of the small intestines?
The ileum.
What is the ileum of the small intestine?
A short segment that passes to the right of the median plane.
The ileum connects what parts of the intestine to one another?
It joins the ascending colon of the small intestine to the ileocolic orifice.
How is the ileum identified?
By the ileocecal fold and antimesenteric ileal vessels.
What is the large intestine?
A simple tube that is slightly larger than the small intestines.
What is the most important function of the large intestine?
The dehydration of fecal content.
What is the large intestine divided into?
The cecum.
The colon.
The rectum.
Where is the cecum of the large intestine located?
To the right of the median plane, at the junction between the ileum and colon.
What attaches the cecum of the large intestine to the ileum of the small intestine?
The ileocecal fold.
How does the cecum of the large intestine communicate with the ascending colon?
Via the cecocolic orifice.
What are the 3 portions of the ileum?
The apex.
The body.
The base.
What ligament suspends the colon?
The mesocolon.
What attaches the colon to the ascending duodenum?
The duodenocolic fold.
What sections is the colon divided into?
The ascending colon.
The transverse colon.
The descending colon.
Where in relation to the median plane is the ascending colon located?
To the right of the median plane.
Where in relation to the median plane is the transverse colon located?
Cranial to the median plane.
Where in relation to the median plane is the descending colon located?
To the left of the median plane.
Where is the right colic flexure located?
Between ascending and transverse colons.
Where is the left colic flexure located?
Between the transverse and descending colon.
Where does the colon terminate?
At the rectum.
Where does the rectum begin?
At the pelvic inlet.
What ligament suspends the rectum?
The mesorectum which is a continuation of the mesocolon.
Where does the rectum terminate?
At the dorsal aspect of the reproductive tract, bladder and urethra.
What is the distal part of the rectum known as?
As the retroperitoneal.
What is the caudal part of the rectum?
The anal canal.
What is the anus?
The terminal opening of the alimentary canal.
Where does the anus extend from and to?
From the rectum to the anus.
Where is the anus located?
Ventral to the fourth caudal vertebrae.
What is the anus surrounded by?
By smooth and striated muscle.
What is the inside of the intestinal wall lined with?
Mucosa cells.
How does the mucosa of the small intestine differ from the mucosa of the large intestine?
The mucoas of the small intestine has numerous villi which are absent in large intestine.
What is the submucosa of the intestines composed of?
The tunica muscularis.
Serosa.
What are the 2 layers of the tunica muscularis?
A circular and longitudinal layer.
What are the 3 arteries that supply the intestines?
The celiac artery.
Cranial mesenteric artery.
Caudal mesenteric artery.
What 6 structures does the celiac artery supply?
The spleen.
The liver.
The pancreas.
The esophagus.
The stomach.
The descending duodenum.
What structures does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?
Everything in between the ascending duodenum, and the ascending and transverse colon.
What structures does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?
The descending colon and rectum.
