The Urinary System

Question 1

— Two kidneys and two ureters
— Urinary bladder & urethra
— Effector organ for:
1. Regulation of Plasma ion composition
2. Regulation of Body water Volume (BP)
3. Regulation of blood pH (with lung)
4. Production of Hormones
5. Excretion of waste

Answer 1

Urinary System

Question 2

Two kidneys and two ureters

Answer 2

Urinary System

Question 3

Urinary bladder & urethra

Answer 3

Urinary System

Question 4

Urinary System ; Effector organ for

Answer 4

1. Regulation of Plasma ion composition
2. Regulation of Body water Volume (BP)
3. Regulation of blood pH (with lung)
4. Production of Hormones
5. Excretion of waste

Question 5

— Divided into cortex –outer portion
— Medulla- inner portion
~ Contain renal pyramids & renal columns
— Urine goes into renal pelvis
~ Edges are made of major & minor calyces n Then out ureter

Answer 5

Kidney

Question 6

Divided into cortex –outer portion

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

inner portion

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

Contain renal pyramids & renal columns

Answer 8

Medulla

Question 9

________ resting CO goes through kidneys

Answer 9

20-25%

Question 10

— 20-25% resting CO goes through kidneys
— à L. & R. renal arteries then
~ Segmental à interlobar à arcuate à interlobular
— à afferent arterioles
— à glomerulus (capillary network)
— à efferent arterioles
— à peritubular capillaries à veins
— ààrenalvein
— Capillaris Units –nephrons grouped at pyramids

Question 11

nephrons grouped at pyramids

Answer 11

Capillaris Units

Question 12

Is the transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient whose kidneys no longer unction.

Answer 12

Kidney transplant

Question 13

— Unit of renal function: corpuscle & tubule
— Corpuscle: forms filtrate
— Glomerulus & Glomerular capsule (cortex)
— Proximal convoluted tubule (cortex) à
— Descending Loop of Henle (into medulla)à
— ascending Loop of Henle (into medulla) à
— Distal convoluted tubule (cortex) à
— Collecting ductà minor calyx

Answer 13

Nephron

Question 14

Unit of renal function:

Answer 14

corpuscle & tubule

Question 15

forms filtrate

Answer 15

Corpuscle

Question 16

— Glomerular filtration-filter plasma
— Tubular reabsorption
* Reabsorb needed compounds & water from
filtrate
— Tubular Secretion
* Secrete some materials into filtrate
— Let rest go out as a solution called urine

Answer 16

Basic Operation

Question 17

Reabsorb needed compounds & water from
filtrate

Answer 17

Tubular reabsorption

Question 18

Secrete some materials into filtrate

Answer 18

Tubular Secretion

Question 19

Let rest go out as a solution called

Answer 19

urine

Question 20

filter plasma

Answer 20

Glomerular filtration

Question 21

— Two layers of capsule surround glomerulus
— Between is capsular space
— Podocytes support capillary epithelium
— Form filtration membrane
— Permeable to water & solute
— but not most proteins & blood cells

Answer 21

Glomerular Filtration

Question 22

Blood pressure for filtration

Answer 22

Filtration Pressure

Question 23

Opposed by colloid osmotic pressure and
capsular pressure

Answer 23

Filtration Pressure

Question 24

GFR means

Answer 24

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 25

— GFR 105-125 ml/min — Determines net reabsorption because it determines filtrate flow n ANP increases GFR * Responds to increased blood volume — Sympathetic stimulation à vasoconstriction à decreased GFR — à Urine production

Answer 25

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 26

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Answer 26

105-125 ml/min

Question 27

Responds to increased blood volume

Answer 27

ANP increases GFR

Question 28

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 29

— Proximal tubule * ~65% Na+ & H2O * Normally 100% nutrients * ~100% HCO3- (depends on blood pH) — Active transport of solutes — Osmosis moves water — Cells distal to proximal tubule fine tune reabsorption under control

Answer 29

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 30

* ~65% Na+ & H2O * Normally 100% nutrients * ~100% HCO3- (depends on blood pH)

Answer 30

Proximal tubule

Question 31

— Takes place all along tubule — Major substances : H+, K+, ammonia, urea, creatine, drugs like penicillin — Helps regulate plasma pH 7.35-7.45 — Diet is acid à urine is typically acidic

Answer 31

Tubular Secretion

Question 32

Major substances of Tubular Secretion

Answer 32

H+, K+, ammonia, urea, creatine, drugs like penicillin

Question 33

Helps regulate plasma pH 7.35-7.45

Answer 33

Tubular Secretion

Question 34

Urine Route

Answer 34

— Collecting ducts to calyces — Calyces to ureter — Ureter to bladder — Bladder to urethra