The Urinary System Flashcards
— Two kidneys and two ureters
— Urinary bladder & urethra
— Effector organ for:
1. Regulation of Plasma ion composition
2. Regulation of Body water Volume (BP)
3. Regulation of blood pH (with lung)
4. Production of Hormones
5. Excretion of waste
Urinary System
Two kidneys and two ureters
Urinary System
Urinary bladder & urethra
Urinary System
Urinary System ; Effector organ for
- Regulation of Plasma ion composition
- Regulation of Body water Volume (BP)
- Regulation of blood pH (with lung)
- Production of Hormones
- Excretion of waste
— Divided into cortex –outer portion
— Medulla- inner portion
~ Contain renal pyramids & renal columns
— Urine goes into renal pelvis
~ Edges are made of major & minor calyces n Then out ureter
Kidney
Divided into cortex –outer portion
Kidney
inner portion
Medulla
Contain renal pyramids & renal columns
Medulla
________ resting CO goes through kidneys
20-25%
— 20-25% resting CO goes through kidneys
— à L. & R. renal arteries then
~ Segmental à interlobar à arcuate à interlobular
— à afferent arterioles
— à glomerulus (capillary network)
— à efferent arterioles
— à peritubular capillaries à veins
— ààrenalvein
— Capillaris Units –nephrons grouped at pyramids
nephrons grouped at pyramids
Capillaris Units
Is the transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient whose kidneys no longer unction.
Kidney transplant
— Unit of renal function: corpuscle & tubule
— Corpuscle: forms filtrate
— Glomerulus & Glomerular capsule (cortex)
— Proximal convoluted tubule (cortex) à
— Descending Loop of Henle (into medulla)à
— ascending Loop of Henle (into medulla) à
— Distal convoluted tubule (cortex) à
— Collecting ductà minor calyx
Nephron
Unit of renal function:
corpuscle & tubule
forms filtrate
Corpuscle
— Glomerular filtration-filter plasma
— Tubular reabsorption
* Reabsorb needed compounds & water from
filtrate
— Tubular Secretion
* Secrete some materials into filtrate
— Let rest go out as a solution called urine
Basic Operation
Reabsorb needed compounds & water from
filtrate
Tubular reabsorption
Secrete some materials into filtrate
Tubular Secretion
Let rest go out as a solution called
urine
filter plasma
Glomerular filtration
— Two layers of capsule surround glomerulus
— Between is capsular space
— Podocytes support capillary epithelium
— Form filtration membrane
— Permeable to water & solute
— but not most proteins & blood cells
Glomerular Filtration
Blood pressure for filtration
Filtration Pressure
Opposed by colloid osmotic pressure and
capsular pressure
Filtration Pressure
GFR means
Glomerular Filtration Rate
— GFR 105-125 ml/min
— Determines net reabsorption because it
determines filtrate flow n ANP increases GFR
* Responds to increased blood volume
— Sympathetic stimulation à vasoconstriction
à decreased GFR
— à Urine production
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glomerular Filtration Rate
105-125 ml/min
Responds to increased blood volume
ANP increases GFR
Tubular Reabsorption
— Proximal tubule
* ~65% Na+ & H2O
* Normally 100% nutrients
* ~100% HCO3- (depends on blood pH)
— Active transport of solutes
— Osmosis moves water
— Cells distal to proximal tubule fine tune reabsorption under control
Tubular Reabsorption
- ~65% Na+ & H2O
- Normally 100% nutrients
- ~100% HCO3- (depends on blood pH)
Proximal tubule
— Takes place all along tubule
— Major substances : H+, K+, ammonia, urea,
creatine, drugs like penicillin
— Helps regulate plasma pH 7.35-7.45
— Diet is acid à urine is typically acidic
Tubular Secretion
Major substances of Tubular Secretion
H+, K+, ammonia, urea,
creatine, drugs like penicillin
Helps regulate plasma pH 7.35-7.45
Tubular Secretion
Urine Route
— Collecting ducts to calyces
— Calyces to ureter
— Ureter to bladder
— Bladder to urethra
