Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY > CASE ON HTN > Flashcards

CASE ON HTN Flashcards

1
Q

defined as sustained abnormal elevation of the
arterial blood pressure

A

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

• BP of >140/90 (average of 2 or more readings taken on 2 or more visits)
• DBP ≥90 on a single occasion

A

Repeated, Elevated Blood Pressure Levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Often asymptomatic until overt organ damage is imminent or has occurred

A

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BLOOD PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION – JNC VII

A
  1. Normal
  2. Pre-HTN
  3. Stage 1
  4. Stage 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SBP: < 120 and
DBP: < 80

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SBP: 120 – 139
or
DBP: 80 – 89

A

Pre-HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SBP: 140 – 159
or
DBP: 90 – 99

A

Stage 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SBP: ≥ 160
or
DBP: ≥ 100

A

Stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CO x TPR

A

Blood Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stroke volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR)

A

CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CO

A

Cardiac Output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TPR

A

Total Peripheral Resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

size of arterioles

A

TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SITES OF BP REGULATION

A
  1. Resistance Arterioles
  2. Capacities Venules
  3. Pump Output Heart
  4. Volume Kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TYPES OF HTN

A

• Primary or Essential
• Secondary Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

• Age
• Hyperlipidemia
• Overweight
• Genetic/Family history
• Diet (high salt)
• Stress
• Smoking
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Excessive alcohol use
• Diabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Race

A

Risk factors include in Primary or Essential Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

• Renal causes
• Endocrine causes
• Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta)
• Use of drugs (NSAIDS, OCA, cocaine, amphetamines)
• Obesity, DM, Pregnancy, Neurologic disorders

A

Secondary Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Renal causes:

A

• Parenchymal
• Renovascular

19
Q

Endocrine causes

A

• Phaeochromocytoma
• Cushing’s disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperaldosteronism

20
Q
  • ↓ salt intake (Japan, ↑ intake ↑ ↑ BP)
    2.5gm/day (250meq) ↓ 1gm/day (100meq)
  • ↓ calorie intake, weight loss
  • ↓ alcohol consumption (low dose ↓ BP)
  • ↑ physical activity
  • ↓ stress factors
  • ↓ smoking
  • ↓ caffeine intake
A

Non DrugTreatment – Life Style Modification

21
Q

Effects of Lifestyle Modification

A

Weight reduction
Adopt DASH eating plan
Dietary sodium reduction
Physical activity
Moderation of alcohol consumption

22
Q

5–20 mmHg/10 kg weight loss

A

Weight reduction

23
Q

8–14 mmHg

A

Adopt DASH eating plan

24
Q

2–8 mmHg

A

Dietary sodium reduction

25
Q

4–9 mmHg

A

Physical activity

26
Q

2–4 mmHg

A

Moderation of alcohol consumption

27
Q

PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Direct Vasodilators
  3. Angiotensin Blockers
  4. Sympathoplegic agents
28
Q

Decrease Na+ and leads to decrease in blood volume

A

Diuretics

29
Q

— Relax vascular Smooth Muscle
— Dilate resistance vessels capacitance

A

Direct Vasodilators

30
Q

Dec peripheral vascular resistance
Decrease blood volume

A

Angiotensin Blockers

31
Q

Dec peripheral vascular resistance
Dec cardiac function venous pooling

A

Sympathoplegic agents

32
Q

Agents which promote the excretion of solutes (electrolytes) with iso-osmotic excretion of water

A

DIURETICS

33
Q

Osmotic diuretics,
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,
xanthine derivatives,
acidifying salts

A

Proximal Convoluted tubule

34
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle (AHL/TAL)

35
Q

Thiazide

A

Early Part of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

36
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Late Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct (CCT)

37
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF DIURETICS

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Descending loop of Henle
  3. Ascending loop of Henle
  4. Distal convoluted tubule
  5. Collecting duct
38
Q

— Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which inhibits the reabsorption of HCP3- in the proximal convoluted tubule.

— weak diuretic properties

A

ACETAZOLAMIDE

39
Q

— Inhibit the Na+/ K+ / Cl- co—transport in ascending loop of Henle, resulting in retention of Na+, Cl- and water in the tubule.

— These drugs are the most efficacious of the diuretics.

A

BUMETANIDE,
FUROSEMIDE,
TORSEMIDE,
ETHACRYNIC ACID

40
Q

— Inhibit reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in distal tubule, resulting in retention of water.

— most commonly used diuretics

A

THIAZIDES

41
Q

These agents can prevent loss of K+ that occurs with thiazide or loop diuretics

A

Spironolactone,
Amiloride,
Triamterene

42
Q

An aldosterone antagonist, inhibits the aldosterone - mediated reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+

A

SPIRONOLACTONE

43
Q

Block Na+ chanels

A

AMILORIDE and TRIMTENE

ANAPHY (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions