The troubles Flashcards
the troubles
the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1998
Terence O’Neill
Prime minister in Northern Ireland who wanted to end discrimination against nationalists
Seán Lemass
Taoiseach who met O’Neill in 1963
NICRA
Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association.
Leaders of the NICRA
The leaders of the NICRA are John Hume, Gerry Fitt, Bernadette Devlin.
What was NICRA’s goal?
Set up to fight for civil rights for catholics
What were NICRA’s aims?
They wanted one person, one vote in local elections and end to discrimination
Loyalists
Extreme unionists who were prepared to use violent methods to keep Northern Ireland British.
Unionists
people who wanted to stay united in the UK
Nationalists
People who want a united and independent Ireland
RUC
Royal Ulster Constabulary, Police force of Northern Ireland 1922-2001
Apprentice Boys
Society that commemorates the siege of Derry
When did the troubles begin?
August 1969
Battle of Bogside
A Derry march by the Apprentice Boys caused rioting in the nationalist area of the city. Fighting broke out between police and nationalists.
Why did the IRA split during the troubles?
The IRA had not defended nationalist areas from loyalist attacks
Official IRA’s goal
Wanted peaceful means to achieve its aims. (Socialist).
Provisional IRA (Provos) goal
Wanted a United ireland through violence. It’s political wing was Sinn Féin
UVF
Ulster Volunteer Force
UDA
Ulster Defence Association
paramilitary group
an unofficial army
Who introduced internment 1971?
Brian Faulkner, the Northern Ireland Prime Minister
When was Bloody Sunday?
January 30, 1972
Where did Bloody Sunday take place?
Derry
What happened during Bloody Sunday?
The British Army shot thirteen unarmed Catholics.
What building was burned by a crowd due to outrage from Bloody Sunday?
The British Embassy, Dublin
power sharing
Groups from opposing sides taking part in government together
Who was the first Secretary Of State for Northern Ireland?
William Whitelaw
Direct Rule
Rule by the central government
Sunningdale Agreement
A political treaty that created a power-sharing government in Northern Ireland
SDLP
Social Democratic Labour Party, opposed violence
Who signed the Sunningdale Agreement
Ted Heath, Liam Cosgrave (Taoiseach) and leaders of the Northern Ireland parties
Who was the leader of the DUP?
Ian Paisely
Who organized the strikes for the unionists?
The Ulster Worker’s Council
How long did power-sharing last?
5 months
Why did the IRA go on hunger strike?
They had to wear prison clothes even though they were political prisoners. They also wanted political status.
Name of the prison where the IRA wanted their political status reinstated?
Maze prison/ H blocks
Blanket Protest
IRA refused to wear prison clothing and wore blankets.
Dirty protest
The IRA smeared their cells with excrement
When did the IRA start their hunger strike?
In 1980, when they thought the blanket and dirty protest did not work.
How long was the 1980 hunger strike?
53 days
Who led the second strike?
Bobby Sands
How many days did Bobby Sands survive on strike?
66 days
Noraid
Fundraising body in the USA that supported the fight for a United ireland. The money was used to buy guns and bombs.
What was the effect of the strikes?
The IRA did not get political status, however they gained support and got support from Noraid.
