Ireland 1884-1914

Question 1

How many people were catholic?

Answer 1

77%

Question 2

How many people were protestants or presbyterians?

Answer 2

23%

Question 3

Nationalists

Answer 3

Catholics. Believed the nation should be united and people should govern themselves.

Question 4

Radical nationalists

Answer 4

Many of the radical nationalists belonged to the IRB. They were willing to take extreme actions to make Ireland a republic.

Question 5

Constitutional nationalists

Answer 5

Wanted to do things peacefully through government discussions. The largest nationalist party was the Home Rule party.

Question 6

Cultural nationalists

Answer 6

Promoted Irish culture through songs, sport, poems ect.

Question 7

Unionists

Answer 7

Protestants and Presbyterians, Wanted to maintain the link with Britain.

Question 8

Why did unionists not want a republic?

Answer 8

Economic, religious, political and symbolic reasons.

Question 9

Economic reasons

Answer 9

Fear of loosing their jobs e.g Harland and Wolf/Linen Industry.

Question 10

Religious reasons

Answer 10

Home rule is Rome rule’ and they would be discriminated against and ruled by the pope.

Question 11

Political reasons

Answer 11

Loss of power and land ownership.

Question 12

Symbolic reasons

Answer 12

Planter ancestors had sacrificed and suffered.

Question 13

Cultural nationalism (2)

Answer 13

In the late 19th and early 20th century, cultural nationalism began to emerge. They tried to stop the anglicisation of Ireland.

Question 14

Cultural nationalism

Answer 14

The Gaelic League and The Irish Literary Revival

Question 15

GAA foundation

Answer 15

By 1880, English sports such as cricket, soccer and rugby were very popular and were well organised with clear rules. However, Irish sports such as hurling and football were in decline and were poorly organised with unclear rules.

Question 16

Who set up the GAA?

Answer 16

Michael Cusack

Question 17

Where was the GAA set up?

Answer 17

Thurles, Co. Tipperary

Question 18

When was the GAA set up?

Answer 18

1st November 1884

Question 19

Why was the GAA set up?

Answer 19

For the “preservation and cultivation of our national pastimes”.

Question 20

GAA development

Answer 20

Clubs were formed countrywide and worldwide, Games were organised for Sundays (previously not allowed), Playing both Gaelic sports and foreign sports was banned, New rules were agreed.

Question 21

GAA problems

Answer 21

The IRB used GAA clubs and games as a recruiting ground for new members. As a result of this, many people left the GAA.

Question 22

GAA revival

Answer 22

In the early 1900’s the GAA became popular again because: the IRB were not as prominent at this time, new rules appealed to people and new grounds were built e.g Jones’ road (Croke Park).

Question 23

GAA impacts

Answer 23

Social and physical outlet for people, revived Irish sports, linked sport and nationalism, recruitment ground for Home Rule and IRB, members were involved in gaining independence in the future.

Question 24

What were the political parties and organisations in Ireland in 1910?

Answer 24

The Irish parliamentary party, Sinn Féin, IRB and Unionist party

Question 25

Irish Parliamentary Party

Answer 25

Constitutional nationalists, declined in popularity after the Parnellite split, but were refined under John Redmond in 1900, had little power but steady support.

Question 26

What did the Irish Parliamentary Party want?

Answer 26

Home rule, for the king/queen of England to be the king/queen of Ireland.

Question 27

Who supported the Irish Parliamentary Party?

Answer 27

The liberals in england

Question 28

Sinn Féin

Answer 28

Founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith.

Question 29

What did Sinn Féin want?

Answer 29

A dual monarchy: the king/queen of england would be king/queen of ireland, develop Irish industry by having tariffs put on goods transported internationally, achieve these things by parliamentary abstention.

Question 30

IRB

Answer 30

The Irish Republican Brotherhood, radical nationalists

Question 31

What did the IRB want?

Answer 31

Full independence and a republic Ireland.

Question 32

What did the Unionist party want?

Answer 32

To retain the Act of Union and keep their strong link with Britain.

Question 33

Who supported the Unionist party

Answer 33

Conservatives in England

Question 34

The Parliamentary Act of 1911

Answer 34

Put into place in 1911, stated that the House of lords could not fully veto any bill but could only delay it from passing for 2 years. This meant that Home Rule was a possibility in the near future.

Question 35

The Third Home Rule Bill of 1912 (b/g info)

Answer 35

The Home Rule Bill had been tried to be passed twice before (1886 and 1893), but had been vetoed by the House of Lords. In 1912, Herbert Asquith (the leader of the Liberals) put forward the third Home Rule Bill. Because of the Parliament Act, the bill could not be vetoed, and home rule would become a law in 1914.

Question 36

What did the Third Home Rule Bill of 1912 state?

Answer 36

Ireland would have its own parliament in Dublin for internal affairs, Westminster would deal with foreign affairs.

Question 37

Unionists actions to stop the Home Rule Bill.

Answer 37

Organised demonstrations and protests, signed petitions (the Ulster solemn league and Covenant was signed by 200,000 men and there was a separate declaration for women), founded the UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force), started to import guns and ammunition from Germany: in April 1914, 35,000 guns and 5 million rounds of ammunition was smuggles into Ulster in the Larne gun - running.

Question 38

Nationalist reaction to Unionist’s opposition

Answer 38

Eoin MacNeill founded the IVF (Irish Volunteer Force): in November 1913, it had almost 100,000 members, they smuggled guns and ammunition into Howth from Germany, but much less.

Question 39

World War 1 and the Home Rule Bill

Answer 39

On August 4th 1914, Britain declared war on Germany, which began world war 1. The Home Rule Bill became a law on the 8th of September, but was immediately suspended because of the war.

Question 40

The split in the IVF during WW1

Answer 40

Carson and the Unionists supported the British war efforts and encouraged people to join the war, John Redmond of the Irish Parliamentary Party asked IVF members to join the British Army, as he hoped this would benefit Ireland with Home Rule negotiations after the war. The IVF was split on whether to support Britain or not. People thought the war would be short but it ended up lasting 4 years.b