The Start Of WWI

Question 1

MANIA

Answer 1

increased MILITARISM, formation of ALLIANCES, rise of NATIONALISM, growth of IMPERIALISM, ASSASSINATION of archduke

Question 2

1879 European Alliance

Answer 2

Germany and Austria-Hungary - dual alliance

Question 3

1881 European Alliance

Answer 3

Austro-Serbian Alliance

Question 4

1882 European Alliance

Answer 4

Triple Alliance- Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany

Question 5

1894 European Alliance

Answer 5

Franco-Russia dual alliance

Question 6

1904 European Alliance

Answer 6

Britain and France Entente Cordiale

Question 7

1907 European Alliance

Answer 7

Triple Entente - Russia, Britain, France

Question 8

Von Schlieffen Plan

Answer 8

Attacking France through Belgium (neutral country) if Russia decides to attack Germany

Question 9

Triple Alliance

Answer 9

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

Question 10

Triple Entente

Answer 10

Britain, France, Russia (worsening relationships between Germany and Russia / Germany and Britain helped drive the Entente, plus France and Germany really did NOT get along during
Franco-Prussia war 1870)

Question 11

Formal Alliance

Answer 11

Public alliances

Question 12

Great Britain and France not giving Germany what they want equals what?

Answer 12

Rivalries!!

Question 13

Bolt-Action Rifle

Answer 13

• main WWI weapon
• 15 rounds, 1400 meter range

Question 14

Machine Gun

Answer 14

• needed 4-6 men to work
• firepower of 100 guns
• could cool 2 ways: water (didn’t last long) or air vents

Question 15

Problems with artillery

Answer 15

Had a long range with huge blows firing shells that exploded directly on impact but needed 12 men to work.

Question 16

Chlorine Gas

Answer 16

• introduced by Germany in 1915 during Battle of Ypres
• weather had to be right
  Effects: burning sensation in throat and chest, suffocation

Question 17

Mustard Gas

Answer 17

• most malignant weapon
• colorless and 12 hours to be in effect
• could be 5 weeks of hell until death, or you could survive (depending on intake)
  Effects: blisters, vomiting, sore eyes, internal/external bleeding

Question 18

The Zeppelin

Answer 18

• aka the blimp
• used in early parts of the war for bombing raids by the Germans
• carried bombs and machine guns
• abandoned because it was easily shot down (big target)

Question 19

Tanks

Answer 19

• introduced in WWI
• “little willie”- needed a crew of 3
• max speed 3mph, couldn’t pass trenches

Question 20

Modern Tanks

Answer 20

Weren’t developed till end of war, could carry 10 men, travelled 4mph and had a revolving turret

Question 21

Planes

Answer 21

• introduced WWI
• used for delivery and spying originally but later became fighter aircrafts armed with machine guns, bombs, and sometimes cannons
• 2-plane fight = “dogfight”

Question 22

Torpedoes

Answer 22

• used by submarines to blow up ships carrying supplies from America to Britain
• Lusitania- ship blown up by Germany causing the US to join the war 1917

Question 23

Pigeons

Answer 23

Easy form of messenging, never aroused suspicions

Question 24

Allies

Answer 24

Britain, Russia, France, Japan, Italy

Question 25

Central Powers

Answer 25

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Question 26

Germany’s Plan

Answer 26

Defeat France quickly (west) and focus on Russia - Belgium bought time so allies could prepare - Germany was within 15 miles of Paris, high threat

Question 27

Battle of the Marne

Answer 27

Allied Victory- saves Paris from invasion, last battle before fighting reaches a stalemate

Question 28

3 kinds of trenches

Answer 28

- front line - support - reserve

Question 29

Dugouts

Answer 29

Underground rooms used as officers quarters and command posts

Question 30

Trench conditions

Answer 30

Soldiers lived on tea and dog biscuits Trench foot, lice, many diseases Soldiers lived with the smell of death, feces, and chemicals Shell shock, amputated legs, PTSD

Question 31

Shell Shock

Answer 31

Mental condition- ‘out of it’ soldiers lost their sanity and spaced out completely, hard to recover. Some seemed as if they were smiling Army didn’t recognize it as a condition, so many shell shocked soldiers were deemed as ‘cowards’ and sacrificed or died to neglect/.

Question 32

The spark of WWI

Answer 32

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife assassinated in 1914 killed by a Serbian nationalist in Bosnia who was a member of the black hand, a Serbian nationalist group that craved independence from Austria-Hungary

Question 33

The Domino Effect of the Assassinastion

Answer 33

AH blames Serbia for assassination, and Germany sends them a blank check in support. AH then sends harsh demands to Serbia which were refused because serbia knows they can rely on russias so AH declares war on Serbia in 1914. The European countries make promises and one by one plunge into the war. Russia places troops near Germany, Germany Declares war on Russia and France, its ally— so Frances ally Great Britain declares war on Germany.

Question 34

US maintains what

Answer 34

US maintains neutrality although the Americans supported allies

Question 35

Balkan crisis

Answer 35

Greece, Albania, Romania, and Bulgaria fought over territory Slavic People of Austria Hungary desired independence

Question 36

Imperialism

Answer 36

Extending a nations authority over other countries by economic, political, cultural, or military means - scramble for Africa, Spanish-american war - wanted colonies for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods

Question 37

Militarism

Answer 37

Army and military forces given high profile by government Development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy The European divide had led to an arms race between the main countries France and Germanys armies double in 40 years In 1890 Germany was the strongest European country British stepped up when their navy’s strength was threatened - introduced the dreadnought

Question 38

The dreadnought

Answer 38

An effective battleship introduced in 1906 by Great Britain

Question 39

Alliance

Answer 39

A formal alliance or union between nations to help if needed- alliance signed countries as allies - For decades leading up to WWI alliances kept the balance of powers by providing a measure of international security - by 1907 the two major alliances existed- triple alliance and triple entente - Germany newly unified quickly gained lands

Question 40

France revenge

Answer 40

Ever since the Franco-Prussia war in 1870 France was an archenemy of Germany and wanted revenge When Russia was looking for friends France jumped France and Russia surrounded Germany on different sides, keeping it in check Germany introduced Schlieffen plan

Question 41

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 41

German statesman and diplomat. Created and negotiated the Triple Alliance before resigning- had a secret negotiation on the side with Russia

Question 42

Triple alliance steps

Answer 42

- Austria-Hungary and Germany alliances in 1879 - Italy joined alliance in 1882- triple alliance - Germany allies with Ottoman Empire 1914 - All 4 but mostly Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary aid Bulgaria

Question 43

Triple entente steps

Answer 43

- Russia and France allied in 1894 - Russia and Britain signed treaty settling colonial disputes in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet - France and Britain signed treaty 1904 settling other colonial disputes over Egypt, Morocco, west + central Africa, Siam, New Hebrides, and Madagascar - all three, mainly Russia, aids serbia