Post WWI / Spanish Flu / Red Scare

Question 1

Red Scare

Answer 1

Fear of potential rise of communism in the US
General A. Mitchell Palmer gathers ‘reds’ after having home bombed
Suspects deported without real evidence
J. Edgar Hoover leads investigations

Question 2

Causes of the Red Scare

Answer 2

Russian Revolution- creation of communist international which were coordinating communist parties in other countries
Strikes: Boston Police Strike, Steel Mill Strike, hanging of I.W.W. Labor organizer, Seattle docks idled by a strike
Bombings: 8 cities bombed within 30 seconds of eachother, 38 mail bombs were found and an anarchist Italian suicide bomber exploded himself outside of Mitchell A. Palmers home
Race riots: 25 race riots during “Red Summer” of 1919

Question 3

Palmer Raids

Answer 3

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer appointed J. Edgar Hoover as a special assistant in hunting down suspected communists, socialists, or anarchists after his house was bombed by an Italian anarchist suicide bomber and the red scare

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

“Free-Market” people control themselves, govt. only intervenes if a law is broken etc
Industry + trade controlled by private owners, economical freedom

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

Government controls EVERYTHING- opposite of capitalism
Single often authoritatian party holds power claiming to make all goods equally shared by the people

Question 6

Socialism

Answer 6

Government manages and provides societal needs (economy)
Intermediate of communism and capitalism
Producing and distributing goods is owned collectively by a centralized government that plans economy

Question 7

Anarchy

Answer 7

Absence of political power or government
Freedom of everything, no law enforcement

Question 8

Proletariat

Answer 8

Working class

Question 9

Sickle and hammer

Answer 9

Symbol of communism and tools of proletariat

Question 10

Election of 1920

Answer 10

“Kangaroo”— Vice President more electable than president
Return to normalcy- Harding’s campaign slogan— turning away from president Wilson’s internationalism
Rep. Warren G Harding VP Calvin Coolidge V Dem. James Coy VP Frederick D. Roosevelt
Harding wanted to set tax cuts and budgets

Question 11

Warren’s Qualified Cabinet members

Answer 11

Charles evans hughes - Secretary of State (Supreme Court justice)
Andrew Mellon - head of treasury (financier)
Herbert Hoover - secretary of commerce (food administrator)

Question 12

Wardens unqualified cabinet members (spoils system)

Answer 12

Albert fall - secretary of interior (teapot dome scandal)
Charles Forbes - secretary of veterans (bribery veteran hospitals)
Henry Daugherty - attorney general (sold govt favors)

Question 13

Washington conference / 5 powers treaty

Answer 13

France, Italy, Britain, japan, usa agree to limit size of army, navy etc
First time countries collectively agree to disarm

Question 14

Kellogg Briand Pact

Answer 14

1928 USA + 14 other countries agreed to outlaw war although they didn’t have the means to enforce the pact

Question 15

Ohio Gang

Answer 15

Albert fall, charles Forbes, Henry Daugherty

Question 16

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 16

Rock formation with a “teapot shape” in Wyoming had US petroleum reserves underneath
Albert fall illegally leased land to oil and petroleum companies for kickbacks
Accepted 400,000 dollars in bribes

Question 17

Charles Forbes

Answer 17

Accepted large bribes, liquor, and parties from bad construction companies to build veteran companies

Question 18

General harry Daugherty

Answer 18

Conspired to defraud the government by selling government favors— case was dropped after 2 undecided verdicts

Question 19

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 19

2 Italian born immigrant anarchists were convicted of murdering two men for their 15,000 dollar paycheck
Red scare raised the suspicion of foreigners, all the evidence against them was circumstancial and prejudiced
Both sentenced to death penalty causing worldwide protests

Question 20

Return of the KKK

Answer 20

• “100 percent Americanism”
  Discrimination against blacks, Jews, Catholics, immigrants, communists unions, and anything/one “unamerican”
  4.5 million members!
  In 1925 40,000 members walked down Pennsylvania Avenue
  In 1921 and 1924 they made the congress pass immigration limits

Question 21

Scopes “Monkey” Trial

Answer 21

John Butler’s “Butler Act” prohibited schools to teach Darwin’s theory of evolution because it went against the Bible
John Scopes, a substitute science teacher, was hired + paid to claim he taught evolution
Clarence Darrow was appointed as defense attorney and began to use bible verse translations as an offense ands wins the trial, but asks jury to find Scopes guilty before the other group could use their long worked on closing argument
First trial ever broadcasted on radio
William Jennings Bryant- prosecutor who unsuccessfully ran for president 4 times

Question 22

5 impacts of WWI on the United States

Answer 22

1. Economy in 1919
2. Strikes
3. Racial unrest
4. The Red Scare
5. Election of 1920

Question 23

Economy of 1919

Answer 23

• 2 million soldiers return home from the war seeking jobs, business begin to raise prices causing inflation
• increase of living costs and unemployment

Question 24

Strikes (effect of WWI)

Answer 24

• workers demanded wage increase because of inflation
• union membership increased and organized worker strikes increased greatly

Question 25

Racial Unrest

Answer 25

• while soldiers were gone, African Americans took over most jobs
• as soldiers returned, they were laid off for the white soldiers
• racial tension grows causing 25 “race riots” during “red summer” of 1919

Question 26

Red scare (effect of WWI)

Answer 26

• Americans felt betrayed by Russians and communists for deserting the war
• communists labeled “reds”
• bombs and riots = arrests and deportations

Question 27

Election of 1920 (effect of WWI)

Answer 27

• US in crisis after Wilsons second term is almost ended
• Warren G Harding beats democrat cox in election of 1920

Question 28

Fear of Labor

Answer 28

• government didnt allow strikes in order to support the war during WWI
• management wanted a return to laissez-afire after WWI
• workers pressing for higher wages
• 1919: 4 million workers on strike

Question 29

Boston police strike

Answer 29

1919, boston police go on strike demanding an increase in pay. Remaining police fired. Calvin Coolidge involved

Question 30

Steel mill strike

Answer 30

1919, 350,000 workers from US steel plant strike. Steel plant hired militia and private police, 18 workers killed

Question 31

Victory parades

Answer 31

4 million+ soldiers return home from being mobilized, US celebrates WWI victory and soldier return with huge parades in NYC

Question 32

Nativism

Answer 32

• one of the various worries following WWI
• prejudice against foreign-born citizens
• evident in immigration quotes and return + rise of KKK
• led to red scare
• 600% immigration increase

Question 33

Emergency quota act

Answer 33

1921, placed a limit on the number of people who could enter US from each country

Question 34

Spanish flu

Answer 34

2nd deadliest plague in history
Spain claimed it started there because they were a neutral country with no sabotage / sedition act and also… they needed help!
Germans were blamed because they spread “flu” gas bombs
Schools closed, fine for not wearing masks or sneezing/coughing in public
16m died in WWI, 50-100M died to Spanish flu
More deaths in US than all combined 20th century military deaths
Took 15 years to isolate virus, not given to the public until AFTER WW2

Question 35

US ratio of WWI to SF deaths

Answer 35

116,500 deaths from WWI and 675,000 from SF

Question 36

3 waves of the Spanish Flu

Answer 36

Wave 1- Spring 1918, camp Riley in Kansas killed many soldiers and spread to other military camps
Wave 2- August 1918, quickly spread through France
Wave 3- February 1919, less deadly, but killed the weak

Question 37

Front Porch Campaign

Answer 37

Harding remained in Ohio— Campaign used in American politics in which the candidate remains close to or at home to make speeches to supporters who come to visit.