The Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
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Civil Rights Movement definition
African-Americans fight for equal opportunities in jobs, housing, and education.
Plessy V. Ferguson
1896
Supreme Court case: upheld the constitutionality of segregating public facilities under the doctrine of “seperate but equal” (although it was not equal.)
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Brown VS Board of Education
1954
Landmark Supreme Court case
Linda Brown & family, Topeka Kansas
Attorney: Thurgood Marshall
Ended segregation in public schools
SCJ: Earl Warren (vote 9-0)
Overturned Plessy!
Emmett Till
Born in Chicago
Whistled at a white woman on vacation
Kidnapped by two white men, beaten and shot
Found dead at 14 years old in Tallahatchie River
Open casket funeral— forced by mother
Launched Civil Rights Movement
Both killers were ACQUITTED!
Rosa Parks
Refused to give up a seat in a white bus —> arrested and fined $10 —> African-Americans unite on refusal to use city buses (Montgomery Bus Boycott)
Little Rock Nine
National guard prevents 9 students, including Elizabeth Eckford (entered separately) from entering Little Rock Central Highschool under orders from Governer of Arkansas (racist)
Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Young Baptist Minister, made first appearance speaking @ Bus Boycott meeting
Taught African-Americans nonviolent methods for pursuing equal rights
Civil Disobedience
Nonviolent resistance to authority
The right to peacefully refuse to clauses/acts/rules if considered unjust or unconstitutional
Mahatma Gandhi
Employed nonviolent mean to lead India to Independence, inspiration for MLK Jr., Civil Disobedience
A. Philip Randolph
Huge inspiration for MLK Jr.
Pressured FDR into banning discrimination in the military
Pressure Truman into desegregating the military
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Landmark legislation that banned discrimination based on race, color, gender, or National origin
Big four Civil Rights Movement organizations
NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, CORE
SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Locally based, student-run Civil Rights organization founded by Ella Baker
Sit-In Movements
“We Shall Overcome”
The “Sit-In” Movement
Students protested by sitting down in stores known to practice segregation
Ruby Bridges
One of the 6 chosen to integrate elementary New Orleans 1960
Greensborough Sit-Ins
Six African-American dorm mates sat at a restaurant they would not be served at for days on end. Spread to more cities and whites outraged. Eventually the African-Americans were served.
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality
Freedom Riders
Founded by James Farmer
Freedom Riders
Activists who went on bus rides making sure that they were desegregated
James Meredith
First AA to integrate Ole Miss school