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History 7 Semester 2 > The Civil Rights Movement > Flashcards

The Civil Rights Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

Civil Rights Movement definition

A

African-Americans fight for equal opportunities in jobs, housing, and education.

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2
Q

Plessy V. Ferguson

A

1896
Supreme Court case: upheld the constitutionality of segregating public facilities under the doctrine of “seperate but equal” (although it was not equal.)

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3
Q

NAACP

A

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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4
Q

Brown VS Board of Education

A

1954
Landmark Supreme Court case
Linda Brown & family, Topeka Kansas
Attorney: Thurgood Marshall
Ended segregation in public schools
SCJ: Earl Warren (vote 9-0)
Overturned Plessy!

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5
Q

Emmett Till

A

Born in Chicago
Whistled at a white woman on vacation
Kidnapped by two white men, beaten and shot
Found dead at 14 years old in Tallahatchie River
Open casket funeral— forced by mother
Launched Civil Rights Movement
Both killers were ACQUITTED!

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6
Q

Rosa Parks

A

Refused to give up a seat in a white bus —> arrested and fined $10 —> African-Americans unite on refusal to use city buses (Montgomery Bus Boycott)

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7
Q

Little Rock Nine

A

National guard prevents 9 students, including Elizabeth Eckford (entered separately) from entering Little Rock Central Highschool under orders from Governer of Arkansas (racist)

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8
Q

Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

A

Young Baptist Minister, made first appearance speaking @ Bus Boycott meeting
Taught African-Americans nonviolent methods for pursuing equal rights

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9
Q

Civil Disobedience

A

Nonviolent resistance to authority
The right to peacefully refuse to clauses/acts/rules if considered unjust or unconstitutional

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10
Q

Mahatma Gandhi

A

Employed nonviolent mean to lead India to Independence, inspiration for MLK Jr., Civil Disobedience

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11
Q

A. Philip Randolph

A

Huge inspiration for MLK Jr.
Pressured FDR into banning discrimination in the military
Pressure Truman into desegregating the military

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12
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Landmark legislation that banned discrimination based on race, color, gender, or National origin

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13
Q

Big four Civil Rights Movement organizations

A

NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, CORE

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14
Q

SNCC

A

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Locally based, student-run Civil Rights organization founded by Ella Baker
Sit-In Movements
“We Shall Overcome”

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15
Q

The “Sit-In” Movement

A

Students protested by sitting down in stores known to practice segregation

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16
Q

Ruby Bridges

A

One of the 6 chosen to integrate elementary New Orleans 1960

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17
Q

Greensborough Sit-Ins

A

Six African-American dorm mates sat at a restaurant they would not be served at for days on end. Spread to more cities and whites outraged. Eventually the African-Americans were served.

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18
Q

CORE

A

Congress of Racial Equality
Freedom Riders
Founded by James Farmer

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19
Q

Freedom Riders

A

Activists who went on bus rides making sure that they were desegregated

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20
Q

James Meredith

A

First AA to integrate Ole Miss school

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21
Q

George Wallace

A

January 1963– “Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!”

22
Q

Birmingham police chief Bull Connor

A

Allows police force to use batons, fire hoses, and dogs on African Americans

23
Q

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

A

Letters written by MLK while spending 8 days in jail in Birmingham, Alabama

24
Q

Merger Evers 1963

A

American Civil Rights Activist
NAACP’s first field secretary
Assassinated by Byron De la Beckwith in Mississippi at 37 years old

25
Q

March on Washington

A

August 1963
Turning point for civil rights
200,000 people marched to the Capitol to rally support for Civil Rights bill
“I have a dream… we shall overcome” speech

26
Q

Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Bombing

A

September 19th, 1963
Oldest Black church in Birmingham— should be a safe place!
bombed by KKK members
4 young choir girls murdered (highschool and younger), 17 injured including a 4 year old and 12 y/o Sarah Collins who lost an eye

27
Q

Freedom Summer 1964

A

Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman helped AA register to vote
Abducted and murdered in Philadelphia
Arrested and after being released were followed and shot dead by Law officers

28
Q

Selma / Bloody Sunday

A

March 7th, 1965
State Police led by Sheriff Clark used clubs, whips, and tear gas (while praying) to attack Civil rights activists in a march from Selma, Alabama, to the Montgomery state Capitol
Protest of the denial of AA voting and murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
Interrupted national broadcast of Nurembourg Trials to show what was really going on
Spurred Voting Rights Act of 1965
Amelia Boynton, activist, one of many brutally beat

29
Q

malcom x

A

in prison by age 20
leader in nation of islam
softened after pilgrimage to mecca, left nation of islam
assassinated by black muslims in rival islam group

30
Q

nation of islam

A

created by elijah muhammad
teaches percieved as racist- separation of races
equality by ANY means including violence
black muslims

31
Q

black power

A

emphasizes racial pride and desire for african american equality
promotes creation of black political and social institutions
coined by stokely carmicheal
denied by NAACP
“black” instead of “colored”, glorified african american culture (like hairstyles and names)

32
Q

SCLC

A

southern christian leadership conference
created by mlk jr.
peacefully worked for the full equality of african americans
civil disobedience

33
Q

jimmie lee jackson

A

murdered by alabama state trooper trying to protect his mother on february 18th protests (turned violent) outside Zion United Methodist Church

34
Q

james earl ray

A

James Earl Ray was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. After this, Ray was on the run and was captured in the UK.

35
Q

Ross Barnett

A

Ross Robert Barnett was the Governor of Mississippi from 1960 to 1964. He was a Southern Democrat who supported racial segregation.

36
Q

jackie robinson

A

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947.

37
Q

ella baker

A

Ella Josephine Baker was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist.

38
Q

de jure vs de facto

A

de facto: state of affairs that is true in fact but not officially sanctioned/stated.
de jure: state of affairs actually officially sanctioned/stated.

39
Q

Orval Faubus

A

Orval Eugene Faubus was an American politician who served as the 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967, as a member of the Democratic Party.
Was against Little rock nine and integration of races

40
Q

John Lewis

A

african american politician and civil rights activist who served in house of representatives for georgia
participated in sit-ins, freedom rides, and chairman of SNCC

41
Q

segregation

A

systematic separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.

42
Q

bias

A

inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.

43
Q

24th amendment

A

eliminated poll taxes and reading tests for voting that were used against aa voting

44
Q

Thurgood narshell

A

an American civil rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Court’s first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he was an attorney who fought for civil rights, leading the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Marshall was a prominent figure in the movement to end racial segregation in American public schools.

45
Q

integration

A

the intermixing of people who were previously segregated.

46
Q

stereotype

A

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

47
Q

prejudice

A

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

48
Q

Bobby Kennedy

A

American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General and as a U.S. Senator from New York until his assassination in June 1968.

49
Q

voting rightd act of 1965

A

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B.

50
Q

racism

A

the belief that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities, especially so as to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one another.

51
Q

assassination dates, places, and who

A

MLK- April 4th, 1968 at Lorraine Motel TN by James Earl Ray
JFK- November 22, 1963 in Dallas Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald and unidentified others
Malcolm X- February 21, 1964 in New York City by Black Muslims of opposing Islam party
Medgar Evars- June 12, 1963 in his driveway by Byron De La Beckwith

History 7 Semester 2 (15 decks)

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