The Roaring Twenties and Great Depression Flashcards
popular culture
culture of the mass/ordinary people
mass media
forms of communication like newspapers and radio
radios began to broadcast political information, news, sports, & advertisements
women in the 1920s
19th amendment; right to vote
increased number of women who went to college got jobs– still paid less, and had less housework
Jeanette rankin
first female in cngress
flappers
women who gained more freedoms, wore shorter skirts/dresses, illegally drank during prohibition, were wild and free
talkie
a movie with sound
Harlem Renaissance
renaissance=’rebirth’
african americans create great literature and art in harlem NY
common theme known as the new negro movement
“Lost Generation”
“Lost” in this context refers to the “disoriented, wandering, directionless” spirit of many of the war’s survivors in the early postwar period.
its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a United States
overall just people who still had values that were no longer relevant during post-wartime.
“Lost Generation” Authors
particularly used to refer to a group of American expatriate writers living in Paris during the 1920s.
Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Sinclair Lewis
expatriates
people who choose to live in another country
First Talkie
“The Jazz Singer”
Great Gatsby
f. scott fitzgerald, about scandals/life of the rich
Jazz
roots in the south
blend of ragtime and blues
african american work songs
syncopation and improvisation
Harlem Renaissance who what why where how
who- writers musicians and artists
what- renaissance
why- racial empowerment, culture, pride
where- harlem, ny
how- through presenting their culture in art, film, novels, & music
herbert hoover
-rags to riches; by age ten he was an orphan
-graduated in the first class of stanford studying geology and soon became a mining millionaire
- food administrator under woodrow wilson during WWI
- secretary of commerce under warren g. harding
1928 election
Hoover- republican, dry, protestant, traditional values, rural, nativism VS Alfred Smith- democrat, catholic, wet, urban, immigrant, help the proletariat
Hoover wins in a landslide
Hoover campaign slogan 1928 election
“chicken in every pot, and a car in every garage”– everybody gets good pay for supporting their families
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
1930
protective tariff raising tax on imported goods
european companies retaliated with equally high tariffs in their countries
halved the import/export rate, made everything worse
Herbert Hoover’s philosophy
rugged individualism
“through hard work and diligence the American Dream is possible”
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Government Agency who gave govt loans to banks, railroads, and other big businesses in 1932 to loan money to states which financed public work projects
Hooverville
homes and shelters built from old boxes and other trash
people grouped in pitiful “shanty towns:
Bonus Army
1932 WWI veterans marched on Washington demanding their 1000 dollar bonus that they were owed by 1945
Hoover sends General MacArthur who burns shanty towns and gasses the men– Hoover’s reputation GONE
Stock Exchange
broker- a person who sells stocks
buying on margin- paying a fraction of the stocks and borrow the rest
stock market- buy low, sell high
Black Thursday
- october 24, 1929
- beginning of stock market crash
- 13 million shares sold
The Great Depression
severe, two-year economic crisis that dropped from $104 billion to $58 billion in 1932
Black Tuesday
october 29, 1929
THE CRASH
16.4 million shares sold, desperate to just sell all you had
james weldon johnson
civil rights activist and leader of the NCAAP
appointed by president for diplomat positions in venezuela and nicaragua
wrote “lift every voice and sing” and “the biography of an ex-colored man”- the first novel to be based in harlem and atlanta
- died in a car accident and had 2000+ funeral attendees
Zora Neale Hurston
- first african american female filmmaker
- father was mayor of Eatonville Florida
got a scholar and was the first african american woman to go to Barnard College
interested in black Caribbean and southern culture
has the only footage of a survivor of the final slave ship
**wrote folklore*
folklore
traditional story shared with people that were passed down many generations, usually fictitious
langston hughes
poet, novelist, and playwright during harlem renaissance
went to columbia university
themes of racial inequality and the proletariat
“jazz poems”- poems with rhyme and rhythm
Bessie Smith & Ma Rainey
Ma Rainey- “ugliest woman ever” demanded respect
- Bessie smith gets a job with ma Rainey nd outshines her because she had the looks, then goes solo
- Bessie experiences racism, only plays at non-racist venues, and gains the title “Empress of the Blues”– 2,000 dollars a WEEK!
Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington
“Duke”– always had flashy attire
gave up arts for a musical career
originally his group “duke Ellington orchestra” only performed at the “cotton club”, an all-white venue since it was broadcasted on the radio, and once he got fame he left
won 6 honorary doctrines, 13 grammies, 2 presidential awards, and one from the french president, but on district of columbias quarter, and a song “sir duke” by steve wonder
Louis Armstrong
- sent to boys home at 11
- made scatting a base part of jazz
- first aa to host a sponsored national broadcast on the radio
- “I will not play at a place I cannot stay
- first jazz musician on TIME magazine cover
F. Scott Fitzgerald
criticized the upper class
author of the great gatsby
wrote 178 stories for newspapers to make money while novel writing
alcoholic
died halfway through his last novel, and also wrote movies to make quick cash
Ernest Hemingway
- skipped college and went straight to novel writing
- served as an ambulance driver until he moved to Paris and began to write his novels
- “farewell to arms” a WWI based novel
- married 4 times and won Pulitzer + Nobel prize
Al Capone
was a ganster who used alot of organized crime
called “scarface” and “snorky”
started young by joining the james street gang- johnny tario
bootlegger
saint valentines massacre
gangster
member of violent criminal gang
organized crime
organization run by criminals to engage in illegal activity
saint valentines day massacre
most famous, “bugs moron”-Chicago gangster and bootlegger of the Prohibition era
causes of the great depression
- unbalanced economy
-farmers experienced overproduction/underconsumption - credit crisis
-people buying on margin in the stock market - banks failed
-people panicked and withdrew money - international crisis; tariffs
- smoot-hawley tariff and European countries competing in tariffs w/ USA - poverty
- people lost jobs not pumping money into the economy
- hooverville, shanty towns - The Crash
- black Tuesday & thursday
