The Roaring Twenties and Great Depression

Question 1

popular culture

Answer 1

culture of the mass/ordinary people

Question 2

mass media

Answer 2

forms of communication like newspapers and radio
radios began to broadcast political information, news, sports, & advertisements

Question 3

women in the 1920s

Answer 3

19th amendment; right to vote
increased number of women who went to college got jobs– still paid less, and had less housework

Question 4

Jeanette rankin

Answer 4

first female in cngress

Question 5

flappers

Answer 5

women who gained more freedoms, wore shorter skirts/dresses, illegally drank during prohibition, were wild and free

Question 6

talkie

Answer 6

a movie with sound

Question 7

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 7

renaissance=’rebirth’
african americans create great literature and art in harlem NY
common theme known as the new negro movement

Question 8

“Lost Generation”

Answer 8

“Lost” in this context refers to the “disoriented, wandering, directionless” spirit of many of the war’s survivors in the early postwar period.
its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a United States
overall just people who still had values that were no longer relevant during post-wartime.

Question 9

“Lost Generation” Authors

Answer 9

particularly used to refer to a group of American expatriate writers living in Paris during the 1920s.
Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Sinclair Lewis

Question 10

expatriates

Answer 10

people who choose to live in another country

Question 11

First Talkie

Answer 11

“The Jazz Singer”

Question 12

Great Gatsby

Answer 12

f. scott fitzgerald, about scandals/life of the rich

Question 13

Jazz

Answer 13

roots in the south
blend of ragtime and blues
african american work songs
syncopation and improvisation

Question 14

Harlem Renaissance who what why where how

Answer 14

who- writers musicians and artists
what- renaissance
why- racial empowerment, culture, pride
where- harlem, ny
how- through presenting their culture in art, film, novels, & music

Question 15

herbert hoover

Answer 15

-rags to riches; by age ten he was an orphan
-graduated in the first class of stanford studying geology and soon became a mining millionaire
- food administrator under woodrow wilson during WWI
- secretary of commerce under warren g. harding

Question 16

1928 election

Answer 16

Hoover- republican, dry, protestant, traditional values, rural, nativism VS Alfred Smith- democrat, catholic, wet, urban, immigrant, help the proletariat
Hoover wins in a landslide

Question 17

Hoover campaign slogan 1928 election

Answer 17

“chicken in every pot, and a car in every garage”– everybody gets good pay for supporting their families

Question 18

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Answer 18

1930
protective tariff raising tax on imported goods
european companies retaliated with equally high tariffs in their countries
halved the import/export rate, made everything worse

Question 19

Herbert Hoover’s philosophy

Answer 19

rugged individualism
“through hard work and diligence the American Dream is possible”

Question 20

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 20

Government Agency who gave govt loans to banks, railroads, and other big businesses in 1932 to loan money to states which financed public work projects

Question 21

Hooverville

Answer 21

homes and shelters built from old boxes and other trash
people grouped in pitiful “shanty towns:

Question 22

Bonus Army

Answer 22

1932 WWI veterans marched on Washington demanding their 1000 dollar bonus that they were owed by 1945
Hoover sends General MacArthur who burns shanty towns and gasses the men– Hoover’s reputation GONE

Question 23

Stock Exchange

Answer 23

broker- a person who sells stocks
buying on margin- paying a fraction of the stocks and borrow the rest
stock market- buy low, sell high

Question 24

Black Thursday

Answer 24

• october 24, 1929
• beginning of stock market crash
• 13 million shares sold

Question 25

The Great Depression

Answer 25

severe, two-year economic crisis that dropped from $104 billion to $58 billion in 1932

Question 26

Black Tuesday

Answer 26

october 29, 1929
THE CRASH
16.4 million shares sold, desperate to just sell all you had

Question 27

james weldon johnson

Answer 27

civil rights activist and leader of the NCAAP
appointed by president for diplomat positions in venezuela and nicaragua
wrote “lift every voice and sing” and “the biography of an ex-colored man”- the first novel to be based in harlem and atlanta
- died in a car accident and had 2000+ funeral attendees

Question 28

Zora Neale Hurston

Answer 28

• first african american female filmmaker
• father was mayor of Eatonville Florida
  got a scholar and was the first african american woman to go to Barnard College
  interested in black Caribbean and southern culture
  has the only footage of a survivor of the final slave ship
  **wrote folklore*

Question 29

folklore

Answer 29

traditional story shared with people that were passed down many generations, usually fictitious

Question 30

langston hughes

Answer 30

poet, novelist, and playwright during harlem renaissance
went to columbia university
themes of racial inequality and the proletariat
“jazz poems”- poems with rhyme and rhythm

Question 31

Bessie Smith & Ma Rainey

Answer 31

Ma Rainey- “ugliest woman ever” demanded respect
- Bessie smith gets a job with ma Rainey nd outshines her because she had the looks, then goes solo
- Bessie experiences racism, only plays at non-racist venues, and gains the title “Empress of the Blues”– 2,000 dollars a WEEK!

Question 32

Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington

Answer 32

“Duke”– always had flashy attire
gave up arts for a musical career
originally his group “duke Ellington orchestra” only performed at the “cotton club”, an all-white venue since it was broadcasted on the radio, and once he got fame he left
won 6 honorary doctrines, 13 grammies, 2 presidential awards, and one from the french president, but on district of columbias quarter, and a song “sir duke” by steve wonder

Question 33

Louis Armstrong

Answer 33

• sent to boys home at 11
• made scatting a base part of jazz
• first aa to host a sponsored national broadcast on the radio
• “I will not play at a place I cannot stay
• first jazz musician on TIME magazine cover

Question 34

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Answer 34

criticized the upper class
author of the great gatsby
wrote 178 stories for newspapers to make money while novel writing
alcoholic
died halfway through his last novel, and also wrote movies to make quick cash

Question 35

Ernest Hemingway

Answer 35

• skipped college and went straight to novel writing
• served as an ambulance driver until he moved to Paris and began to write his novels
• “farewell to arms” a WWI based novel
• married 4 times and won Pulitzer + Nobel prize

Question 36

Al Capone

Answer 36

was a ganster who used alot of organized crime
called “scarface” and “snorky”
started young by joining the james street gang- johnny tario
bootlegger
saint valentines massacre

Question 37

gangster

Answer 37

member of violent criminal gang

Question 38

organized crime

Answer 38

organization run by criminals to engage in illegal activity

Question 39

saint valentines day massacre

Answer 39

most famous, “bugs moron”-Chicago gangster and bootlegger of the Prohibition era

Question 40

causes of the great depression

Answer 40

1. unbalanced economy
   -farmers experienced overproduction/underconsumption
2. credit crisis
   -people buying on margin in the stock market
3. banks failed
   -people panicked and withdrew money
4. international crisis; tariffs
   - smoot-hawley tariff and European countries competing in tariffs w/ USA
5. poverty
   - people lost jobs not pumping money into the economy
   - hooverville, shanty towns
6. The Crash
   - black Tuesday & thursday