The spinal cord

Question 1

What does the spinal cord run through?

Answer 1

The spinal cord runs through the vertebral canal of the vertebral column

Question 2

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 2

The spinal cord ends at L1-2/3

Question 3

Where does the vertebral column end?

Answer 3

The vertebral column ends at coccyx 5

Question 4

List the spinal nerve pairs

Answer 4

8 cervical pairs , 12 thoracic pairs , 5 lumbar pairs , 5 sacral pairs , 1 coccygeal spinal nerve

Question 5

List the sensory and motor function of the spinal cord

Answer 5

Sensory and motor innervation of the entire body below the head through the spinal nerves

Question 6

List the conduction function of the spinal cord

Answer 6

2 way conduction pathway between the body and the brain

Question 7

The spinal cord is the major centre for :

Answer 7

Reflexes

Question 8

Where do the spinal nerves lie?

Answer 8

The spinal nerves lie in the intervertebral foramina

Question 9

What is the cauda equina(“horse’s tail”) ?

Answer 9

The cauda equina is a collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal

Question 10

How do the 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach?

Answer 10

The 31 spinal nerve pairs attach through dorsal and ventral nerve roots

Question 11

What protects the brain?

Answer 11

Bone , meninges , CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 12

List the 3 meninges

Answer 12

Dura mater(outer)  , arachnoid mater (middle) , 
Pia mater(inner)

Question 13

List the 3 potential spaces

Answer 13

Epidural - outside the dura ,
Subdural - between dura and arachnoid
Subarachnoid - deep to arachnoid

Question 14

The LP(lumbar puncure) =

Answer 14

Spinal tap

Question 15

Where will a needle be introduced to collect CSF?

Answer 15

The needle is introduced into the subdural space to collect CSF

Question 16

The epidural is external to the :

Answer 16

Dura

Question 17

Where are anesthetics often injected into?

Answer 17

The epidural space

Question 18

How can the lumbar spine pass between spinous processes?

Answer 18

The lumbar spine has to be flexed in order for it to pass between spinous processes

Question 19

Contralateral =

Answer 19

On the opposite side

Question 20

Ipsilateral =

Answer 20

On the same side

Question 21

Bilateral =

Answer 21

Both sides

Question 22

What does a lesion on the thumb(of the right homunculus) do?

Answer 22

It causes a sensation on the thumb of the opposite side

Question 23

What is a decussation

Answer 23

A crossing over of axons to the opposite side(anywhere in the CNS)

Question 24

The brain develops from the :

Answer 24

Neural tube

Question 25

What does the brain subdivide into?

Answer 25

The forebrain , midbrain , the hind brain

Question 26

The subdivisions of the brain divide further , each with a fluid filled region:

Answer 26

Ventricle , aqueduct or canal

Question 27

What are gyri?

Answer 27

Elevated ridges

Question 28

What are the gyri separated by?

Answer 28

Grooves

Question 29

What is a sulcus?

Answer 29

A shallow groove

Question 30

What are deeper grooves called?

Answer 30

Fissures

Question 31

Which fissure divides the right and left hemispheres?

Answer 31

Longitudinal fissure

Question 32

Which sulcus divides the frontal from parietal lobes?

Answer 32

Central sulcus

Question 33

What sulcus separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe

Answer 33

Lateral sulcus

Question 34

The parieto - occipital sulcus divides which 2 lobes?

Answer 34

The parietal and occipital lobes

Question 35

Which fissure separates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 35

Transverse cerebral fissure

Question 36

Primary somatosensory cortex : postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe function

Answer 36

Allows the conscious awareness of sensation and the ability to localise it - where the sensation comes from

Question 37

Somatosensory association area function

Answer 37

Understanding what is being felt - the meaning of it

Question 38

Primary visual cortex function

Answer 38

Handles info from the contralateral retina

Question 39

Primary motor area(precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe) functions

Answer 39

• Responsible for conscious or voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles
• precise , conscious or voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Question 40

Broca’s area(specialized motor speech area) function

Answer 40

Word articulation - the movements necessary for speech

Question 41

Premotor cortex functions

Answer 41

Complex movements associated with highly processed sensory info ; also the planning of movements

Question 42

Frontal eye fields function

Answer 42

Voluntary movement of the eyes

Question 43

What are Corona radiata?

Answer 43

A spray of projection fibres

Question 44

Location of the Corona radiata

Answer 44

Pre central (motor) gyrus

Question 45

What does the Corona radiata combine with?

Answer 45

Sensory fibres travelling to the sensory cortex

Question 46

What does Corona radiata form?

Answer 46

A band of fibres called internal capsule

Question 47

Functions of the cerebellum:

Answer 47

To smooth, coordinate and fine tune bodily movements

Helps maintain posture

Question 48

How does the cerebellum maintain equilibrium?

Answer 48

The cerebellum receives info from the cerebrum(movements being planned) , the inner ear(equilibrium) , propioceptors(sensory receptors stating the actual location of the body parts)
Then the cerebellum uses the feedback and adjustments are made

Question 49

The cerebellum has some role in:

Answer 49

Cognition

Question 50

Damage to the cerebellum causes:

Answer 50

Ataxia , incoordination, wide - based gait , overshooting, proprioception problems