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ANAT3004 > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What is a suture

A

fibrous connective tissue and collagen (forms a narrow band)

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2
Q

Describe articulations between bones

A

o Generally non moveable sutures (exception of moveable joints between ossicles and temperomandibular joints)
o Fibrous joins that can ossify with age

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3
Q

Name the bones of the cranium, face and ossciles of ear

A 
Cranium:
Frontal (1)
Temporal (paired)
Parietal (paired)
Occipital (1)
Ethmoid (1)
Sphenoid (1)

Face:
Maxilary (paired)
Zygomatic (paired)
Lacrimal (paired)
Nasal (paired)
Inferior nasal concha (paired)
Palatine (paired)
Mandible (1)
Vomer (1)

Ossicles:
Malleus (paired)
Incus (paired)
Stapes (paired)

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4
Q

Explain the variation in infants in terms of bones of the skull

A

Frontal bone is in half- separated by the metopic (interfrontal) suture

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5
Q

What is a process/plate/spine and its function

A

Extension from the body of a bone

  • Articulation with other bones
  • Attachment of muscles/ligaments
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6
Q

What is an eminence?

A

Bony bump or elevation overlying some deep soft structure

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7
Q

What is an impression?

A

Grooves on the surface of the bone indicating the presence of some overlying soft tissue structure

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8
Q

T/F?

- Nerves and blood vessels develop first and the bone forms later around them

A

true

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9
Q

What is a meatus?

A

Relatively large tube like passage way

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10
Q

What are the three openings on the anterior skull that generally form a straight line?

A

Supraorbital foramen
Infraorbital foramen
Mental foramen

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11
Q

List the components of the temporal bone

A 
Squamous part
Petrous part
Mastoid process
Mastoid notch
Styloid process
Tympanic part
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12
Q

What attaches at the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

A

(forms the bony wall of the external acoustic meatus)
Attachment of cartilaginous external acoustic meatus, part of the parotid capsule, tympanic membrane/eardrum
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the superior and inferior temporal lines?

A

Attachment of temporalis fascia and muscle

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14
Q

What forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the side wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic bone

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15
Q

Where is the zygomaticofacial foramen located?

A

At the base of the lateral orbital margin

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16
Q

Where is the zygomaticotemporal foramen located?

A

Medial side of base of the frontal process of zygomer

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17
Q

T/F

The Pterygopalatine fossa is NOT part of the temporal bone

A

true

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18
Q

What provides the thin part of the temporal bone with some protection?

A

temporalis muscle and fascia

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19
Q

What is the temporal fossa?

A

Indentation where the temporal muscle attaches

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20
Q

Describe the pterygopalatine fossa

A

→ extends medially and passes under the orbit, caries a variety of blood vessels, carries the pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic of facial nerve)

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21
Q

What does the saggital suture separate?

A

The two parietal bones

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22
Q

What does the lambdoid suture separate?

A

Parietal and occipital bones

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23
Q

What does the coronal suture separate?

A

frontal and parietal bones

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24
Q

Are the fossae single or paired structures?

A

Single

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25
Which fossa is the sphenoid bone a part of?
lesser wing= anterior | Greater wing= middle
26
Describe the ethmoid bone
in anterior cranial fossa Central= crista galli (attachment of falx cerebri) on either side are the cribriform plates
27
Which part of the ethmoid bone do the orbital parts of the frontal bone articulate with?
articulate medially with the two cribiform plates
28
What bone makes up the floor of the middle cranial fossa?
``` medially= body of sphenoid laterally= greater wing of sphenoid ```
29
Where is the trigeminal impression located?
medial part of the petrous temporal
30
What is the dorsum sellae?
bony ridge between posterior clinoid processes
31
What does the petrous temporal encase?
organs of hearing and balance
32
What is the arcuate eminence?
bony bump on petrous temporal bone which overlies the superior/anterior semicircular canal of the inner ear
33
What is tegmen tympani?
indented region of bone anterolateral to arcuate eminence (overlies middle ear)
34
List and describe the openings in the middle cranial fossa
Optic canal= optic nerve CN II, brings optic nerve from the retina back towards the brain Superior orbital fissure= passes into the orbit, contains cranial nerves III, IV and branches of CN V/1, CN VI Foramina rotundum= maxillary nerve CN V/2 Foramen ovale= mandibular nerve CN V/3, opens onto underside of the skull Foramen spinosum= middle meningeal artery Foramen lacerum= internal carotid enters skull via carotid canal, traverses posterior wall of foramen lacerum to enter middle cranial fossa. Also transmits greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial nerve) - Large and irregular - Connects with the canal carrying the internal carotid
35
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
``` Floor= occipital bone, surrounds the foramen magnum Clivus= between the hypophyseal fossa and foramen magnum ```
36
List and describe the openings in the posterior cranial fossa?
Internal acoustic meatus (temporal)- transmits facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Jugular foramen (lateral to foramen magnum)- transmits CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), cranial nerve XI (accessory) and internal jugular Foramen magnum Hypoglossal canal (wall of foramen magnum)- transmits hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
37
What are the 3 sutures of the hard palate?
Intermaxillary Interpalatine Palatomaxillary
38
List the openings in the hard palate
Incisive fossa/canal | Greater/less palatine foramina
39
What forms the pterygoid plates?
Sphenoid bone
40
What is the hamulus and scaphoid fossa?
Hamulus= bony hook on anteroinferior medial plate Scaphoid fossa= posterior end of the medial pterygoid plate
41
What muscles attach to the medial and lateral pterygoid plates?
``` Medial= muscles to move soft palate Lateral= muscles to move jaw ```
42
What makes up the nasal septum?
vomer (posteroinferiorly) and ethomoid (anterosuperiorly)
43
What bone makes up the chonchae?
Superior and middle= ethmoid bone | Inferior is a separate bone
44
What are the occipital condyles?
Lateral to foramen magnum | Articulate with atlas
45
Where are the nuchal lines found?
Occipital bone Inferior and superior Squamous occipital bone Attachment of neck muscles
46
What is the purpose of the pharyngeal tubercle?
Attachment of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle
47
List and describe the openings on the inferior surface of the skull
Petrotympanic fissure - Posterior to articular fossa - Exit of chorda tympani= branch of facial nerve (taste) Stylomastoid foramen - Between mastoid and styloid process - Exit of facial nerve Palatopharyngeal canal (palatovaginal) - Posterolateral to nasal septum - Takes nerves to upper pharynx Pterygoid canal - Between schapoid fossa and foramen lacerum - Posterior to medial pterygoid plate Carotid canal - Entry of internal carotid Opening of bony auditory tube - Medial to spine of sphenoid - Groove running into this indicates position of cartilaginous part of auditory tube Foramina ovale, spinosum, lacerum, jugular foramen (NOT foramina rotundum= opens into pterygopalatine fossa)
48
List and describe the notches/processes on the inferior surface
Masotid - Temporal bone Mastoid notch/diagastric notch/ diagastric groove - Temporal bone - Medial to mastoid - Attachment of posterior belly of diagastric Styloid process - Temporal bone - Anteromedial to mastoid - Often damaged Spine of sphenoid - Sphenomandibular ligament, part of stabilizing structures of TMJ attaches here - Irregular bony bump between formane spinosum and carotid canal
49
What is the articular fossa?
articulation with mandible (temporomandibular joint)
50
Describe the orbit
Posterior wall= superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, optic canal Floor=Infraorbital canal and foramen= transmits infraorbital nerve (terminal branch of maxillary nerve) Medial wall= Anterior and posterior ethmoid canals (branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal) Lacrimal canal (drainage of tears) Lateral wall=Zygomaticoorbital foramen= for zygomaticoorbital branch of maxillary nerve
51
What are emissary foramina?
Small openings in the bone of the skull veins connecting the dural venous sinuses with venous structures outside the skull blood can flow in either direction but usually towards the outside of the skull
52
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Drain into nasal cavities Mastoid air cells do NOT drain into nasal cavities and are therefore NOT paranasal sinuses
53
Which artery passes across the body of the mandible?
Facial artery
54
What is the angle of the mandible?
junction between body and ramus
55
What is the mandibular notch?
Separates coronoid process and condyle (head and neck) of ramus
56
What attaches to the digastric fossa
anterior belly of digastric muscle
57
Where is the mental foramen
External surface of mandible below 2nd pre-molars
58
What travels through the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve (supplies teeth)
59
What travels through the mylohyoid groove?
Path of the mylohyoid nerve (branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which does not enter bone) Runs anteromedially from mandibular foramen
60
Describe the mylohyoid line
across body from below 3rd molar to mental symphysis attachment of mylohyoid muscle (floor of mouth)
61
What are the two layers of the dura
Periosteal= no epidural space here (only in vertebral column) Meningeal layer - Fused mostly except where there are cavities for vessels of when they form extensions/folds
62
Describe dural sinuses
- Endothelial lined spaces between the layers of dura - Drain blood from brain and cranial bone - No valves - Ultimately drain into the internal jugular
63
Describe the dural folds
- Falx cerebri= folds into longitudinal fissure between hemispheres - Tentorium cereblli= between cerebellum and occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres - Falx cerebelli= folds into posterior cerebellar notch to partly separate cerebellar hemispheres. Attached to inferior surface of tentorium cerebelli - Sella diaphragm= covers sella turica and contained pituitary. Has an opening to accommodate infundibulum which is attached to the hypothalamus. Sella diaphragm is continuous with dura of the floor of the middle cranial fossa.
64
Where does the arachnoid penetrate sulci?
Only in the longitudinal fissure
65
What does the arachnoid space contain?
CSF

ANAT3004 (17 decks)

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