Lymphatics Flashcards
T/F:
Lymph tissue fluid is returned to the systemic circulation
True
What are three functions of lymph vessels?
Collection of tissue lymph fluid and its return to the systemic circulation
transport of lymphocytes and other cells
transport of long chain fatty acids from the small intestine via lacteals in villi of intestines
How do lymph capillaries arise?
Arise as permeable blindly ending tubes in connective tissue that are intially a plexus and then anastamose to form larger vessels
What facilitates transport of lymph fluid?
Gravity
Muscle in walls
External pressure
Valves
T/F:
Lymph vessels are always associated with nodes
False
T/F:
vessels are not found in cartilage and healthy non-inflammed human cornea
True
T/F:
Valves are found in lymph capillaries
False
Found in larger post capillary lymph vessels
What are the two functions of lymph nodes?
Immunosurveilance of lymph
Production of lymphocytes and other immune cells which are then taken up by the lymph
T/F:
Lymph nodes are not organs
False
they are tiny organs
T/F:
nodes are not always associated with lymph vessels
False
always associated with vessels
T/F:
Most of our nodes are in our limbs and thoracic duct
False
none in thoracic duct
not many in limbs
mostly found in neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, groin
Name 3 other lymph organs
spleen, thymus, tonsils
Name the 5 tributaries of the thoracic duct
1 gastro intestinal trunk
2 thoracic descending trunks
2 lumbar trunks
T/F:
The left jugular trunk drains the left upper limb
False
drains the head and neck
T/F:
The left bronchomediastinal trunk drains the upper left throax
True
What is the origin of the thoracic duct?
Cisterna chyli
T/F:
The origin of the thoracic duct is at the jugulosubclavian junction
False
origin= cisterna chyli
jugulosubclavian junction is where it terminates
T/F:
All lymph vessels have valves
False
not all
T/F:
lots of valves found in the thoracic duct and bronchomediastinal trunk
true
What kind of valve is seen in lymph vessels?
Bicuspid
prevents or reduces regurgitation of blood in life
What gives lymph vessels their vein like appearance post mortem?
Bicuspid valve becomes non-functional fairly quickly post mortem
blood is regurgitated
T/F:
valves are found in jugular trunks and at their termination
False
The thoracic duct passes deep to ____ before terminating in the jugulosubclavian junction
Passes deep to the internal jugular vein
What is the general pattern of lymph drainage in the head and neck?
vessels –>superficial nodes –> deep nodes
vessels –> deep nodes (ie in the tongue)
ultimately to the jugular lymph trunk
List the four superficial nodes that drain the head
Occipital
Retroauricular
Parotid
Buccal
List the four superficial nodes that drain the neck
Superficial cervical (over lateral surface of SCM)
Submandibular (between mandible and submandibular gland)
Submental (overlies mylohyoid muscle)
Anterior cervical (over thyroid, larynx, trachea)
T/F:
superficial cervical nodes overlie mylohyoid muscle
False
overlie SCM
submental overlies mylohyoid muscle
T/F:
submandibular nodes are in between maxilla and submandibular gland
False
between mandible and submandibular gland
T/F:
deep nodes go the the bronchomediastinal trunk
False
they go to the jugular trunk
What are the two deep nodes of the head?
Lingual
Retropharyngeal
At what level are retropharyngeal nodes found?
Level of the atlas
found inbetween the upper pharynx and cervical vertebrae
Where do the deep nodes of the head drain to?
Drain into upper deep cervical nodes –> these drain to jugular trunk
Where can you find lingual nodes?
At the root of the tongue
Deep nodes of the neck are divided into superior and inferior based on the positioning relative to which neck muscle?
Omohyoid
T/F:
Deep nodes of the neck are superficial to SCM
False
deep/medial to SCM
List the two superior deep nodes of the neck
Jugulodigastric
Retropharyngeal
List the two inferior deep nodes of the neck
Jugulo-omohyoid
Supraclavicular/anterior scalene group
Which groups make up the axillary nodes?
Posterior group
Lateral group
Anterior group
Central group
Floor of mouth, mandibular teeth and gingiva drain to ______ and ____ nodes
submandibular and sub mental
Hard and soft palate, maxillary teeth and gingivia drain to ______
retropharyngeal nodes
Where does the tongue drain to?
submental, submandibular or to both upper and lower deep cervical nodes
T/F:
Supraclavicular/anterior scalene nodes are located in surpaclavicular fossa, just lateral to digastric
False
lateral to clavicular head of SCM
Where do the tonsils drain to?
Pharyngeal nodes
lingual nodes
palatine nodes (2)
