Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Where do cranial nerves arise from?

Answer 1

Nuclei of grey matter in the brain

Question 2

Which type of fibre tends to be hitch hiker nerves?

Answer 2

Autonomic fibres

Question 3

Which cranial nerve synapses in the olfactory bulb? How does it get there

Answer 3

Olfactory nerve fibres (CN1) pass through the cribriform plate and synapse on the underside of the bulb

This is located in the ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

Question 4

Which nerves can be found in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 4

Optic nerve (CN III goes through optic canal)

Trigeminal (CN V- opthalmic through superior orbital fissure, maxillary through foramen rotundum, mandibular through foramen ovale)

Occulomotor (CN III- superior orbital fissure)
Trochlear (CN IV- superior orbital fissure)
Abducens (CN VI- superior orbital fissure)

Question 5

Which nerves travel through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 5

Facial nerve (CN VII)
Nervus intermedius (part of facial)
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Question 6

Which nerves travel through the jugular foramen?

Answer 6

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)
Accessory (CN XI)

Question 7

Which cranial fossa is the hypoglossal nerve in?

Answer 7

Hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa

Question 8

Which cranial fossa is the spinal root accesory nerve found in?

Answer 8

Posterior cranial fossa

Question 9

Where is the trigeminal ganglion found (sensory)

Answer 9

In Meckel’s cave

Within two layers of sura overlying posteromedial petrous bone

Question 10

Which sensory ganglia is associated with the facial nerve and where is it found?

Answer 10

Geniculate ganglion (sensory)
In facial canal above middle and inner ear
In petrous temporal bone anterosuperior to inner ear

Question 11

Which sensory ganglia is associated with the vestibulocochlear nerve and where is it found?

Answer 11

Spiral and vestibular ganglia
Spiral within cochlea
Vestibular in internal acoustic meatus

Question 12

Which sensory ganglia are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and where are they found?

Answer 12

Superior and inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia

Within jugular foramen

Question 13

Which 2 sensory ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve and where are they found?

Answer 13

Superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose)

Found immediately below jugular foramen

Question 14

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve? Where do they travel through?

Answer 14

Opthalmic (sensory)- superior orbital fissure
Maxillary (sensory)- foramen rotundum
Mandibular (sensory and somatic motor)- foramen ovale

Question 15

What are the three main branches of the opthalmic division of trigeminal?

Answer 15

Lacrimal (lateral)
Frontal (central)
Nasocillary (deep and medial)

Question 16

T/F:

cutaneous branches of the frontal nerve (opthalmic branch) travel through anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina

Answer 16

False

Branches of the nasocillary nerve go through the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina to the ethmoid air cells

Question 17

T/F:

The cutaneous branches of the frontal nerve are the supratrochlear (medial) and supraorbital (lateral)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What does the cillary ganglion receive?

Answer 18

Pre-ganglionic fibres from adjacent occulomotor nerve via a special connecting branch in the orbit

Question 19

T/F:
The maxillary division of trigeminal is transmitted via foramen rotundum into the pterygopalantine fossa- synapses with the pterygopalantine ganglion and travels via the inferior orbital fissure to the orbit

Answer 19

False

DOES NOT synapse in the pterygopalantine ganglia however it does pass through it

Question 20

What are the two terminal cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of trigeminal?

Answer 20

Infraorbital

Zygomaticoorbital

Question 21

What does the zygomaticoorbital nerve terminate into?

Answer 21

Zygomatico temporal

Zygomatico facial

Question 22

T/F:
The trunk of the mandibular nerve branches into the meningeal branch and nerve to medial pterygoid (provides motor input to medial pterygoid and tensor tympanic and tensor palate)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F:

The anterior portion of the mandibular nerve is mostly sensory

Answer 23

false

mostly motor

Question 24

T/F:

Anterior portion of mandibular nerve provides motor innervation to lateraly pterygoid, masseter, temporalis

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F: | Anterior portion of mandibular nerve provides motor to buccal

Answer 25

False | Sensory to buccal

Question 26

T/F: | Mylohyoid nerve is a nerve from the posterior portion of the maxillary nerve

Answer 26

False | Posterior portion of MANDIBULAR nerve

Question 27

Which artery does the cutaneous auriculotemproal nerve surround?

Answer 27

Middle meningeal artery

Question 28

What type of fibres does the auriculotemproal nerve carry?

Answer 28

Sensory and parasympathetic hitchikers from glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 29

List some visible branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve

Answer 29

``` Inferior alveolar nerve Mylohyoid nerve Lingual nerve Chorda tympani Mental nerve ```

Question 30

T/F: | The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve

Answer 30

False | Branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve

Question 31

T/F: | Hypoglossal nerve passes deep to the posterior belly of digastric

Answer 31

False | Passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric

Question 32

T/F: | Spinal accessory crosses the floor of the anterior triangle between SCM and trapezius

Answer 32

False | Crosses the floor of POSTERIOR triangle between SCM and trapezius

Question 33

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus pass under?

Answer 33

Under the arch of aorta on the left

Question 34

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus pass under?

Answer 34

Under the right subclavian artery on the right

Question 35

Which muscle would you find the glossopharyngeal nerve on?

Answer 35

Stylopharyngeus

Question 36

T/F: The glossopharyngeal nerve and stylopharyngeus muscle pass between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles of pharynx

Answer 36

True

Question 37

List the branches of the maxillary nerve

Answer 37

``` Meningeal branches Ganglion branches Posterior superior alveolar nerves (travel through alveolar canals) Middle superior alveolar nerve Anterior superior alveolar nerve Zygomaticoorbital nerve Infraorbital nerve ```

Question 38

T/F: | White rami transmit post-ganglionic fibres

Answer 38

False | they transmit pre-ganglionic fibres from the spinal cord to the sympathetic trunk/ganglia

Question 39

List the sensory and parasympathetic ganglia associated with the facial nerve

Answer 39

``` Sensory= geniculate ganglia Parasympathetic= pterygopalatine and submandibular ```

Question 40

List the sensory and parasympathetic ganglia associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 40

``` Sensory= superior and inferior glossopharyngeal Parasympathetic= otic ```

Question 41

T/F: | The ciliary ganglion is a sensory ganglion associated with the occulomotor cranial nerve

Answer 41

False | Parasympathetic ganglia

Question 42

T/F: | The trigeminal ganglion is sensory

Answer 42

True

Question 43

``` T/F: The superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose) ganglia associated with the vagus nerve are parasympathetic ```

Answer 43

False | They are sensory

Question 44

T/F: The frontal nerve (opthalmic division of trigeminal) gives off a medial supratrochlear branch and a lateral supraorbital branch

Answer 44

False | Medial branch is supraorbital and lateral branch is supratrochlear

Question 45

Do the meningeal branches branch off the maxillary nerve before or after it enters foramen rotundum?

Answer 45

Before

Question 46

After the maxillary nerve travels through the inferior orbital fissure, what does it branch into?

Answer 46

Zygomaticoorbital and infraorbital branches

Question 47

T/F: | The maxillary nerve gives off posterior superior alveolar nerves after travelling through the infraorbital fissure

Answer 47

False | Posterior superior alveolar branch off before the maxillary nerve travels through the infraorbital fissure

Question 48

T/F: | The middle superior and anterior superior alveolar nerves are branches of the infraorbital nerve

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F: | The mylohyoid nerve is a sensory nerve of the posterior mandibular division of trigeminal

Answer 49

False | Mylohyoid is motor (posterior part of mandibular division is mostly sensory except for mylohyoid)