Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Where do cranial nerves arise from?
Nuclei of grey matter in the brain
Which type of fibre tends to be hitch hiker nerves?
Autonomic fibres
Which cranial nerve synapses in the olfactory bulb? How does it get there
Olfactory nerve fibres (CN1) pass through the cribriform plate and synapse on the underside of the bulb
This is located in the ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
Which nerves can be found in the middle cranial fossa?
Optic nerve (CN III goes through optic canal)
Trigeminal (CN V- opthalmic through superior orbital fissure, maxillary through foramen rotundum, mandibular through foramen ovale)
Occulomotor (CN III- superior orbital fissure)
Trochlear (CN IV- superior orbital fissure)
Abducens (CN VI- superior orbital fissure)
Which nerves travel through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve (CN VII) Nervus intermedius (part of facial) Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
Which nerves travel through the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)
Accessory (CN XI)
Which cranial fossa is the hypoglossal nerve in?
Hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa
Which cranial fossa is the spinal root accesory nerve found in?
Posterior cranial fossa
Where is the trigeminal ganglion found (sensory)
In Meckel’s cave
Within two layers of sura overlying posteromedial petrous bone
Which sensory ganglia is associated with the facial nerve and where is it found?
Geniculate ganglion (sensory)
In facial canal above middle and inner ear
In petrous temporal bone anterosuperior to inner ear
Which sensory ganglia is associated with the vestibulocochlear nerve and where is it found?
Spiral and vestibular ganglia
Spiral within cochlea
Vestibular in internal acoustic meatus
Which sensory ganglia are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and where are they found?
Superior and inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia
Within jugular foramen
Which 2 sensory ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve and where are they found?
Superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose)
Found immediately below jugular foramen
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve? Where do they travel through?
Opthalmic (sensory)- superior orbital fissure
Maxillary (sensory)- foramen rotundum
Mandibular (sensory and somatic motor)- foramen ovale
What are the three main branches of the opthalmic division of trigeminal?
Lacrimal (lateral)
Frontal (central)
Nasocillary (deep and medial)
T/F:
cutaneous branches of the frontal nerve (opthalmic branch) travel through anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina
False
Branches of the nasocillary nerve go through the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina to the ethmoid air cells
T/F:
The cutaneous branches of the frontal nerve are the supratrochlear (medial) and supraorbital (lateral)
True
What does the cillary ganglion receive?
Pre-ganglionic fibres from adjacent occulomotor nerve via a special connecting branch in the orbit
T/F:
The maxillary division of trigeminal is transmitted via foramen rotundum into the pterygopalantine fossa- synapses with the pterygopalantine ganglion and travels via the inferior orbital fissure to the orbit
False
DOES NOT synapse in the pterygopalantine ganglia however it does pass through it
What are the two terminal cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of trigeminal?
Infraorbital
Zygomaticoorbital
What does the zygomaticoorbital nerve terminate into?
Zygomatico temporal
Zygomatico facial
T/F:
The trunk of the mandibular nerve branches into the meningeal branch and nerve to medial pterygoid (provides motor input to medial pterygoid and tensor tympanic and tensor palate)
True
T/F:
The anterior portion of the mandibular nerve is mostly sensory
false
mostly motor
T/F:
Anterior portion of mandibular nerve provides motor innervation to lateraly pterygoid, masseter, temporalis
True
T/F:
Anterior portion of mandibular nerve provides motor to buccal
False
Sensory to buccal
T/F:
Mylohyoid nerve is a nerve from the posterior portion of the maxillary nerve
False
Posterior portion of MANDIBULAR nerve
Which artery does the cutaneous auriculotemproal nerve surround?
Middle meningeal artery
What type of fibres does the auriculotemproal nerve carry?
Sensory and parasympathetic hitchikers from glossopharyngeal nerve
List some visible branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve Mylohyoid nerve Lingual nerve Chorda tympani Mental nerve
T/F:
The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve
False
Branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve
T/F:
Hypoglossal nerve passes deep to the posterior belly of digastric
False
Passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric
T/F:
Spinal accessory crosses the floor of the anterior triangle between SCM and trapezius
False
Crosses the floor of POSTERIOR triangle between SCM and trapezius
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus pass under?
Under the arch of aorta on the left
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus pass under?
Under the right subclavian artery on the right
Which muscle would you find the glossopharyngeal nerve on?
Stylopharyngeus
T/F:
The glossopharyngeal nerve and stylopharyngeus muscle pass between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles of pharynx
True
List the branches of the maxillary nerve
Meningeal branches Ganglion branches Posterior superior alveolar nerves (travel through alveolar canals) Middle superior alveolar nerve Anterior superior alveolar nerve Zygomaticoorbital nerve Infraorbital nerve
T/F:
White rami transmit post-ganglionic fibres
False
they transmit pre-ganglionic fibres from the spinal cord to the sympathetic trunk/ganglia
List the sensory and parasympathetic ganglia associated with the facial nerve
Sensory= geniculate ganglia Parasympathetic= pterygopalatine and submandibular
List the sensory and parasympathetic ganglia associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensory= superior and inferior glossopharyngeal Parasympathetic= otic
T/F:
The ciliary ganglion is a sensory ganglion associated with the occulomotor cranial nerve
False
Parasympathetic ganglia
T/F:
The trigeminal ganglion is sensory
True
T/F: The superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose) ganglia associated with the vagus nerve are parasympathetic
False
They are sensory
T/F:
The frontal nerve (opthalmic division of trigeminal) gives off a medial supratrochlear branch and a lateral supraorbital branch
False
Medial branch is supraorbital and lateral branch is supratrochlear
Do the meningeal branches branch off the maxillary nerve before or after it enters foramen rotundum?
Before
After the maxillary nerve travels through the inferior orbital fissure, what does it branch into?
Zygomaticoorbital and infraorbital branches
T/F:
The maxillary nerve gives off posterior superior alveolar nerves after travelling through the infraorbital fissure
False
Posterior superior alveolar branch off before the maxillary nerve travels through the infraorbital fissure
T/F:
The middle superior and anterior superior alveolar nerves are branches of the infraorbital nerve
True
T/F:
The mylohyoid nerve is a sensory nerve of the posterior mandibular division of trigeminal
False
Mylohyoid is motor (posterior part of mandibular division is mostly sensory except for mylohyoid)
