The Eye

Question 1

What lines the orbit?

Answer 1

Orbital periosteum

Question 2

What fills the spaces between the eye, nerves, muscles and blood vessels?

Answer 2

Orbital fascia

Coarsley loculated fat

Question 3

T/F:

In the orbit, the lacrimal bone is closer to the zygomatic bone compared to the sphenoid bone

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What travels through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 4

Occulomotor nerve
CN V/1: frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary
Trochlear
Abducens

Question 5

What crosses the infraorbital groove and foramen?

Answer 5

CN V/2: Maxillary/infraorbital nerve

Question 6

Optic canal is found in ____ bone

Answer 6

Sphenoid

Question 7

The trochlea fovea/spine is halfway between the ______ and ______

Answer 7

Halfway between the supraorbital notch/foramen and the frontolacrimal suture

Question 8

T/F:

The trochlea fovea/spine contains the inferior oblique muscle

Answer 8

False

Superior oblique muscle

Question 9

What type of muscle are the major extrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 9

Skeletal/striated muscle

Question 10

Where do the superior/inferior/medial rectus muscles originate?

Answer 10

Tendinous ring around the optic nerve

Question 11

T/F:

The rectus muscles insert into the sclera about 6mm behind the cornea and posterior to the equator of the eyeball

Answer 11

False
ANTERIOR to the equator the eye ball
(First part is correct)

Question 12

T/F:

The lateral rectus muscle originates from the tendinous ring

Answer 12

False
Originates from the lateral part of the tendinous ring AND from the lateral margin of the orbital fissure
(Has two heads)

Question 13

T/F:

The oblique muscles insert posterior to the equator of the eye

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Superior oblique muscle can be found in between which two extrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 14

Superior and middle rectus muscles

Question 15

What is the name of the tendinous band the superior oblique muscle passes through and where is it attached?

Answer 15

Tendinous band is called the TROCHLEA

This is attached to the trocheal fovea/spine of the frontal bone

Question 16

The trochleal fovea/spine is a part of which bone?

Answer 16

Frontal bone

Question 17

Where does the superior oblique muscle insert?

Answer 17

In the sclera In between the superior and lateral rectus muscles

Question 18

T/F:
The superior oblique originates from the body of the sphenoid posterolateral to the optic canal between the superior and middle recti muscles

Answer 18

False
The superior oblique originates from the body of the sphenoid SUPEROMEDIAL to the optic canal between the superior and middle recti muscles

Question 19

Where does the inferior oblique arise?

Answer 19

Orbital surface of the maxilla, lateral to the nasolacrimal groove

Question 20

Explain the course of the inferior oblique before its insertion

Answer 20

Passes inbetween the orbital floor and the inferior rectus

Then passes between the lateral rectus and orbit

Question 21

T/F:

The inferior oblique inserts into the sclera posterior to the equator and between superior and lateral rectus

Answer 21

False

In between inferior and lateral rectus

Question 22

T/F:
Levator Palpebrae SUperioris originates from the sphenoid bone inferior to the superior rectus and inserts into the eyelid

Answer 22

False

SUPERIOR to superior rectus

Question 23

Which nerve is superior to levator palpebrae superioris?

Answer 23

Frontal nerve

Question 24

T/F:

Levator Palpebrae Superioris elevates the upper eyelid

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F: | Medial and lateral recti move the eye side to side

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: | Superior oblique moves the eye up and out

Answer 26

False Moves the eye down and out (inferior oblique moves the eye up and out)

Question 27

What is the action of superior and inferior recti muscles?

Answer 27

Elevate and depress the eye

Question 28

The tendon of which muscle makes up the tarsal plate/tarsus (eyelids)

Answer 28

Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 29

What is the orbital septum?

Answer 29

Fascial sheet attached to the periosteum of the orbital rim and levator tendon

Question 30

What are the eyelids lined with?

Answer 30

Conjunctiva (contains goblet cells)

Question 31

Where do the Sebaceous tarsal galnds/Meibom's glands empty into?

Answer 31

They empty into the free margin of the eyelid

Question 32

What type of glands are also found in the cilia/eyelashes?

Answer 32

Sebaceous glands

Question 33

Which part of the orbit are lacrimal glands mostly found in?

Answer 33

Supralateral | some are also found in the eyelid lateral to the tarsal plate between the conjunctiva and palpebral fascia

Question 34

What are tears a mix of?

Answer 34

Serous Mucous Sebaceous

Question 35

T/F: | Lacrimal glands produce sebaceous secretions

Answer 35

False | Produce serous secretions

Question 36

T/F: | Conjunctiva goblet cells produce mucus secretions

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Which glands contribute to the sebaceous portion of tears?

Answer 37

Sebaceous tarsal glands/Meibom's glands in the upper and lower eyelines

Question 38

T/F: | Sebaceous tarsal glands are superficial to orbicularis oculi

Answer 38

False | Deep to orbicularis oculi

Question 39

T/F: | Tears drain into the lateral corner of the eye

Answer 39

False | Medial corner

Question 40

Which glands contribute to the serous secretion of tears?

Answer 40

Lacrimal gland and accessory serous glands in the conjunctiva (glands of Karus and Wolfring)

Question 41

What is the uvea of the eye?

Answer 41

Vascular intermediate coat

Question 42

Which structures are a part of the uvea?

Answer 42

Choroid and anterior parts of the ciliary body and iris

Question 43

T/F: | The retina is superior to the uvea

Answer 43

False | Inferior

Question 44

Where is the sensory retina pigment epithelium in relation to the rods and cones? What is its role??

Answer 44

Is is BEHIND the rods and cones | It aims to phagocytose worn out parts of the photoreceptors

Question 45

What does the non-sensory retina form?

Answer 45

Posterior parts of the ciliary body and iris

Question 46

Which two structures make up the iris?

Answer 46

``` Anterior= uvea Posterior= non-sensory retina ```

Question 47

T/F: | The iris functions to control light onto the retina

Answer 47

True

Question 48

How many layers does the non-sensory retina have?

Answer 48

2 cells thick

Question 49

T/F: | Circular smooth muscle around the pupil contracts the iris under sympathetic control

Answer 49

False | PARASYMPATHETIC

Question 50

T/F: | Radial muscle extending from the pupil dilates the iris under sympathetic control

Answer 50

True

Question 51

How many layers of cells are found in the lens and what shape are they?

Answer 51

2 layers Anterior= cuboidal Posterior= elongated (lens fibre cells)

Question 52

What covers the lens?

Answer 52

Acellular capsule

Question 53

T/F: | The ciliary body aims to produce the vitreous humour and accomodate for far and near vision

Answer 53

False | Produces aqueous humour and accomodates for far and near vision

Question 54

Which three structures make up the ciliary body?

Answer 54

Anterior= uvea Posterior= non-sensory retina Ciliary muscle

Question 55

What attaches the ciliary body to the lens?

Answer 55

Zonary fibres

Question 56

T/F: | When the sphincter (circular muscle) of the ciliary body contracts, the zonary fibres increase in tension

Answer 56

False | Tension is decreased in the zonary fibres which allows the lens to become more round

Question 57

Which type of vision does a round lens allow for?

Answer 57

Accomodates for near vision

Question 58

Accomodating for near vision (ie a round lens) is under what type of nervous control?

Answer 58

Parasympathetic control

Question 59

Which two chambers of the eye can aqueous humour be found?

Answer 59

Anterior and posterior chambers

Question 60

Where is the aqueous humour produced?

Answer 60

Folds of the ciliary body

Question 61

How does the aqueous humour get to the anterior chamber?

Answer 61

Passes through the pupil

Question 62

Describe how 80% of the aqueous humour is drained

Answer 62

Go through the trabecular meshwork (lined with trabeculotyes) Drains into the scleral venous sinus Drains to the venous system

Question 63

Describe how the remaining 20% of aqueous humour is drained

Answer 63

Drains into the uveoscleral angle (between the ciliary muscles) Resorbed into the scleral veins

Question 64

Where is the Vitreous and what is it made of?

Answer 64

Behind the lens | Made of fluid connective tissue

Question 65

T/F: | The sensory retina can be found on the surface of the posterior and medial eyeball

Answer 65

False | Posterior and lateral eyeball

Question 66

T/F: | The ora serrata is the junction between the sensory retina and ciliary body

Answer 66

False | junction between the non-sensory retina and ciliary body

Question 67

Where does the optic nerve enter the eye?

Answer 67

At the optic disc

Question 68

T/F: | Only rods are found in the macula and surrounding fovea

Answer 68

False | Only cones

Question 69

What role do the efferent fibres play in the optic nerve?

Answer 69

Light adaption and reflex

Question 70

T/F: | The pupillary reflex is under sympathetic control

Answer 70

False | parasympathetic control

Question 71

T/F: | The pupillary reflex is afferent info from the optic nerve and efferent info via the trochlear nerve

Answer 71

False | Efferent is the occulomotor nerve

Question 72

T/F: | The corneal reflex is sensory input from the optic nerve and efferent response from the orbicularis oculi (Facial nerve)

Answer 72

False Input is via the opthalmic nerve '5 in 7 out'

Question 73

Which artery supplies the retina?

Answer 73

Central artery of the retina

Question 74

T/F: | The central artery of the retina arises above the optic nerve

Answer 74

False | Below

Question 75

Explain the course of the retinal veins

Answer 75

Converge onto the optic disc Enter the optic nerve as the central vein of the retina Drain into the superior opthalmic vein Drain into cavernous sinus

Question 76

What does the inferior opthalmic vein drain?

Answer 76

Orbit and cavernous sinus

Question 77

T/F: | Only the superior opthalmic vein has a connection with the pterygoid venous plexus

Answer 77

False | BOTH inferior and superior do

Question 78

Which plexus does the internal carotid carry into the orbit?

Answer 78

Carotid sympathetic plexus

Question 79

T/F: | The superior division of the oculomotor nerve supplies the lateral rectus and levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 79

False | Superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris

Question 80

T/F: | The inferior division of oculomotor nerve supplies the inferior/medial rectus and inferior oblique

Answer 80

True

Question 81

Which muscle does the trochlear supply?

Answer 81

Superior oblique

Question 82

Which muscle does the abducens nerve supply?

Answer 82

Lateral rectus

Question 83

T/F: | The opthalmic nerve supplies structures within and near the eyeball as well as the extrinsic muscles and retina

Answer 83

False | not the extrinsic muscles or retina

Question 84

T/F: | Frontal nerve is more lateral than lacrimal nerve

Answer 84

False | more medial

Question 85

What are the two branches of the frontal nerve?

Answer 85

Supratrochlaer (medial, smaller) and supraorbital (lateral, larger)

Question 86

Which muscle does the frontal nerve travel superiorly to?

Answer 86

Levator palpebrae superioris