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ANAT3004 > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What lines the orbit?

A

Orbital periosteum

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2
Q

What fills the spaces between the eye, nerves, muscles and blood vessels?

A

Orbital fascia

Coarsley loculated fat

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3
Q

T/F:

In the orbit, the lacrimal bone is closer to the zygomatic bone compared to the sphenoid bone

A

False

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4
Q

What travels through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Occulomotor nerve
CN V/1: frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary
Trochlear
Abducens

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5
Q

What crosses the infraorbital groove and foramen?

A

CN V/2: Maxillary/infraorbital nerve

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6
Q

Optic canal is found in ____ bone

A

Sphenoid

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7
Q

The trochlea fovea/spine is halfway between the ______ and ______

A

Halfway between the supraorbital notch/foramen and the frontolacrimal suture

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8
Q

T/F:

The trochlea fovea/spine contains the inferior oblique muscle

A

False

Superior oblique muscle

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9
Q

What type of muscle are the major extrinsic eye muscles?

A

Skeletal/striated muscle

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10
Q

Where do the superior/inferior/medial rectus muscles originate?

A

Tendinous ring around the optic nerve

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11
Q

T/F:

The rectus muscles insert into the sclera about 6mm behind the cornea and posterior to the equator of the eyeball

A

False
ANTERIOR to the equator the eye ball
(First part is correct)

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12
Q

T/F:

The lateral rectus muscle originates from the tendinous ring

A

False
Originates from the lateral part of the tendinous ring AND from the lateral margin of the orbital fissure
(Has two heads)

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13
Q

T/F:

The oblique muscles insert posterior to the equator of the eye

A

True

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14
Q

Superior oblique muscle can be found in between which two extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Superior and middle rectus muscles

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15
Q

What is the name of the tendinous band the superior oblique muscle passes through and where is it attached?

A

Tendinous band is called the TROCHLEA

This is attached to the trocheal fovea/spine of the frontal bone

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16
Q

The trochleal fovea/spine is a part of which bone?

A

Frontal bone

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17
Q

Where does the superior oblique muscle insert?

A

In the sclera In between the superior and lateral rectus muscles

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18
Q

T/F:
The superior oblique originates from the body of the sphenoid posterolateral to the optic canal between the superior and middle recti muscles

A

False
The superior oblique originates from the body of the sphenoid SUPEROMEDIAL to the optic canal between the superior and middle recti muscles

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19
Q

Where does the inferior oblique arise?

A

Orbital surface of the maxilla, lateral to the nasolacrimal groove

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20
Q

Explain the course of the inferior oblique before its insertion

A

Passes inbetween the orbital floor and the inferior rectus

Then passes between the lateral rectus and orbit

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21
Q

T/F:

The inferior oblique inserts into the sclera posterior to the equator and between superior and lateral rectus

A

False

In between inferior and lateral rectus

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22
Q

T/F:
Levator Palpebrae SUperioris originates from the sphenoid bone inferior to the superior rectus and inserts into the eyelid

A

False

SUPERIOR to superior rectus

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23
Q

Which nerve is superior to levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Frontal nerve

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24
Q

T/F:

Levator Palpebrae Superioris elevates the upper eyelid

A

True

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25
Q

T/F:

Medial and lateral recti move the eye side to side

A

True

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26
Q

T/F:

Superior oblique moves the eye up and out

A

False
Moves the eye down and out
(inferior oblique moves the eye up and out)

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27
Q

What is the action of superior and inferior recti muscles?

A

Elevate and depress the eye

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28
Q

The tendon of which muscle makes up the tarsal plate/tarsus (eyelids)

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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29
Q

What is the orbital septum?

A

Fascial sheet attached to the periosteum of the orbital rim and levator tendon

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30
Q

What are the eyelids lined with?

A

Conjunctiva (contains goblet cells)

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31
Q

Where do the Sebaceous tarsal galnds/Meibom’s glands empty into?

A

They empty into the free margin of the eyelid

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32
Q

What type of glands are also found in the cilia/eyelashes?

A

Sebaceous glands

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33
Q

Which part of the orbit are lacrimal glands mostly found in?

A

Supralateral

some are also found in the eyelid lateral to the tarsal plate between the conjunctiva and palpebral fascia

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34
Q

What are tears a mix of?

A

Serous
Mucous
Sebaceous

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35
Q

T/F:

Lacrimal glands produce sebaceous secretions

A

False

Produce serous secretions

36
Q

T/F:

Conjunctiva goblet cells produce mucus secretions

A

True

37
Q

Which glands contribute to the sebaceous portion of tears?

A

Sebaceous tarsal glands/Meibom’s glands in the upper and lower eyelines

38
Q

T/F:

Sebaceous tarsal glands are superficial to orbicularis oculi

A

False

Deep to orbicularis oculi

39
Q

T/F:

Tears drain into the lateral corner of the eye

A

False

Medial corner

40
Q

Which glands contribute to the serous secretion of tears?

A

Lacrimal gland and accessory serous glands in the conjunctiva (glands of Karus and Wolfring)

41
Q

What is the uvea of the eye?

A

Vascular intermediate coat

42
Q

Which structures are a part of the uvea?

A

Choroid and anterior parts of the ciliary body and iris

43
Q

T/F:

The retina is superior to the uvea

A

False

Inferior

44
Q

Where is the sensory retina pigment epithelium in relation to the rods and cones? What is its role??

A

Is is BEHIND the rods and cones

It aims to phagocytose worn out parts of the photoreceptors

45
Q

What does the non-sensory retina form?

A

Posterior parts of the ciliary body and iris

46
Q

Which two structures make up the iris?

A 
Anterior= uvea
Posterior= non-sensory retina
47
Q

T/F:

The iris functions to control light onto the retina

A

True

48
Q

How many layers does the non-sensory retina have?

A

2 cells thick

49
Q

T/F:

Circular smooth muscle around the pupil contracts the iris under sympathetic control

A

False

PARASYMPATHETIC

50
Q

T/F:

Radial muscle extending from the pupil dilates the iris under sympathetic control

A

True

51
Q

How many layers of cells are found in the lens and what shape are they?

A

2 layers
Anterior= cuboidal
Posterior= elongated (lens fibre cells)

52
Q

What covers the lens?

A

Acellular capsule

53
Q

T/F:

The ciliary body aims to produce the vitreous humour and accomodate for far and near vision

A

False

Produces aqueous humour and accomodates for far and near vision

54
Q

Which three structures make up the ciliary body?

A

Anterior= uvea
Posterior= non-sensory retina
Ciliary muscle

55
Q

What attaches the ciliary body to the lens?

A

Zonary fibres

56
Q

T/F:

When the sphincter (circular muscle) of the ciliary body contracts, the zonary fibres increase in tension

A

False

Tension is decreased in the zonary fibres which allows the lens to become more round

57
Q

Which type of vision does a round lens allow for?

A

Accomodates for near vision

58
Q

Accomodating for near vision (ie a round lens) is under what type of nervous control?

A

Parasympathetic control

59
Q

Which two chambers of the eye can aqueous humour be found?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

60
Q

Where is the aqueous humour produced?

A

Folds of the ciliary body

61
Q

How does the aqueous humour get to the anterior chamber?

A

Passes through the pupil

62
Q

Describe how 80% of the aqueous humour is drained

A

Go through the trabecular meshwork (lined with trabeculotyes)
Drains into the scleral venous sinus
Drains to the venous system

63
Q

Describe how the remaining 20% of aqueous humour is drained

A

Drains into the uveoscleral angle (between the ciliary muscles)
Resorbed into the scleral veins

64
Q

Where is the Vitreous and what is it made of?

A

Behind the lens

Made of fluid connective tissue

65
Q

T/F:

The sensory retina can be found on the surface of the posterior and medial eyeball

A

False

Posterior and lateral eyeball

66
Q

T/F:

The ora serrata is the junction between the sensory retina and ciliary body

A

False

junction between the non-sensory retina and ciliary body

67
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the eye?

A

At the optic disc

68
Q

T/F:

Only rods are found in the macula and surrounding fovea

A

False

Only cones

69
Q

What role do the efferent fibres play in the optic nerve?

A

Light adaption and reflex

70
Q

T/F:

The pupillary reflex is under sympathetic control

A

False

parasympathetic control

71
Q

T/F:

The pupillary reflex is afferent info from the optic nerve and efferent info via the trochlear nerve

A

False

Efferent is the occulomotor nerve

72
Q

T/F:

The corneal reflex is sensory input from the optic nerve and efferent response from the orbicularis oculi (Facial nerve)

A

False
Input is via the opthalmic nerve
‘5 in 7 out’

73
Q

Which artery supplies the retina?

A

Central artery of the retina

74
Q

T/F:

The central artery of the retina arises above the optic nerve

A

False

Below

75
Q

Explain the course of the retinal veins

A

Converge onto the optic disc
Enter the optic nerve as the central vein of the retina
Drain into the superior opthalmic vein
Drain into cavernous sinus

76
Q

What does the inferior opthalmic vein drain?

A

Orbit and cavernous sinus

77
Q

T/F:

Only the superior opthalmic vein has a connection with the pterygoid venous plexus

A

False

BOTH inferior and superior do

78
Q

Which plexus does the internal carotid carry into the orbit?

A

Carotid sympathetic plexus

79
Q

T/F:

The superior division of the oculomotor nerve supplies the lateral rectus and levator palpebrae superioris

A

False

Superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris

80
Q

T/F:

The inferior division of oculomotor nerve supplies the inferior/medial rectus and inferior oblique

A

True

81
Q

Which muscle does the trochlear supply?

A

Superior oblique

82
Q

Which muscle does the abducens nerve supply?

A

Lateral rectus

83
Q

T/F:

The opthalmic nerve supplies structures within and near the eyeball as well as the extrinsic muscles and retina

A

False

not the extrinsic muscles or retina

84
Q

T/F:

Frontal nerve is more lateral than lacrimal nerve

A

False

more medial

85
Q

What are the two branches of the frontal nerve?

A

Supratrochlaer (medial, smaller) and supraorbital (lateral, larger)

86
Q

Which muscle does the frontal nerve travel superiorly to?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

ANAT3004 (17 decks)

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