The Ear

Question 1

T/F:

The ear is located in the temporal bone

Answer 1

False

Most of it is EXCEPT the cartilagenous auditory tube which can be found in the groove along the petrosphenoidal suture

Question 2

What is the eardrum also known as? what is its function?

Answer 2

Also known as the tympanic membrane

Role is for transmission and amplification of sound

Question 3

What is the middle ear also known as? What is its function?

Answer 3

Tympanic cavity

Role is for transmission and amplification of sound

Question 4

What consists of the inner ear and what is the role of this structure overall?

Answer 4

Cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibule

Purpose is to turn vibrations into neuronal impulses and transmit to the brain

Question 5

T/F:

The auditory tube connects the inner ear with the nasopharynx

Answer 5

False

It connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx

Question 6

T/F:

The lateral 1/3 of the external ear is bony and the medial 2/3 is cartilagenous

Answer 6

False
lateral 1/3= cartilagenous
Medial 2/3= bony

Question 7

Which glands in the external ear produce wax?

Answer 7

Ceruminous glands

Question 8

Where can you find hair in the external ear?

Answer 8

Lateral 1/3 cartilagenous part

Question 9

T/F:

External ear is medial and slanted anteriorly

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F:

Entire external acoustic meatus is lined with thick skin

Answer 10

False

thin skin

Question 11

T/F:

Lateral surface of the tympanic membrane is concave and covered in skin

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F:

The medial surface of the tympanic membrane is convex and covered in skin

Answer 12

False

covered in mucosa

Question 13

What is the UMBO? Where is it?

Answer 13

Bottom of the handle of malleus attached to the convex medial surface of the tympanic membrane
It is the point of maximum medial convexity

Question 14

T/F:

Semicircular canals are more anterior than the cochlea

Answer 14

False

They are more posterior

Question 15

T/F;

The malleus and incus are found on the lateral side of the tympanic membrane/ear drum

Answer 15

False

Medial side

Question 16

Which nerve passes across the tympanic membrane in between the malleus and incus?

Answer 16

Chorda tympani

Question 17

T/F:

Pars flaccida is above the malleus and pars tensa is below

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What type of joint is the joint between the incus and stapes?

Answer 18

Synovial

Question 19

What substance is within the tympanic cavity?

Answer 19

Air

Question 20

Which two structures does the mastoid additus connect?

Answer 20

Middle ear/tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells

Question 21

What makes up the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 21

Tympanic membrane

Question 22

List the two main features of the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity

Answer 22

Auditory tube opening

Carotid canal

Question 23

Which nerve runs above the auditory tube?

Answer 23

Tensor tympani

it then bends to run along the medial wall

Question 24

Where does the epithymapnic recess lead to and which wall of the tympanic cavity can it be found in?

Answer 24

Found in the posterior wall

Leads to the aditus which leads to the mastoid antrum which leads to the mastoid air cells

Question 25

Which nerve branches on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 25

Facial nerve branches into chorda tympani

Question 26

T/F: | Facial nerve runs medially to aditus on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

Answer 26

False | Runs inferiorly

Question 27

Which tendon emerges in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 27

Pyramid tendon of stapedius

Question 28

Which bone separates the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa and where can it be found in the tympanic cavity?

Answer 28

Tegmun tympani | Makes up the roof of the tympanic cavity

Question 29

T/F: | Tegmun tympani is posterolateral to the arcuate eminence

Answer 29

False | anterolateral

Question 30

What makes up the floor of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 30

Thin bone covering the jugular fossa/foramen

Question 31

The medial wall of the tympanic cavity is mostly _____

Answer 31

Bony

Question 32

Which structure is inferolateral to the oval window on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 32

Round window

Question 33

T/F: | The malleus closes the oval window

Answer 33

False | Base of the stapes

Question 34

What closes the round window?

Answer 34

Membrane

Question 35

Which two prominotaries can be found in the medial wall of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 35

Inferiomedial= over the cochlea | More superiorly= over the lateral semicircular canal

Question 36

What is the tympanic plexus and which wall of the tympanic cavity can it be found on?

Answer 36

On the medial wall of the tympanic cavity | Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal and sympathetic from internal carotid plexus

Question 37

What type of bone are the ossicles and what are they covered in?

Answer 37

Dense compact bone | covered in mucosa

Question 38

T/F: | The head of the malleus is in the epitympanic recess

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Which part of the malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane and which nerve crosses it?

Answer 39

Handle | Chorda tympani crosses it

Question 40

T/F; | Body of the incus articulates with the handle of the malleus

Answer 40

False | articulates with the head of the malleus

Question 41

T/F: | The short limb of the incus articulates with the head of the stapes

Answer 41

False | the long limb does

Question 42

What attaches to the short crus of the incus?

Answer 42

Ligamentous attachment

Question 43

Which part of the stapes attaches to the oval window?

Answer 43

The stapes

Question 44

What is the function of the two muscles in the tympanic cavity?

Answer 44

Contract in response to high intensity sounds to protect the inner ear

Question 45

T/F: | The muscular part of stapedius lies in a canal in the medial wall of the tympanic cavity

Answer 45

False | Posterior wall

Question 46

Stapedius attaches to which part of the stapes?

Answer 46

Tendon emerges from the pyramid and attaches to the neck of the stapes

Question 47

T/F: | Cranial nerve 5/3 supplies stapedius

Answer 47

False | facial nerve does

Question 48

T/F: | Tensor tympani muscle runs within a bony canal posterolateral to the cartilagenous auditory tube

Answer 48

False | Runs ABOVE the cartilagenous auditory tube

Question 49

T/F: Tendon of tensory tympani makes a 90 degree turn as it emerges from its bony canal and runs across the middle ear to the handle of the malleus. It is supplied by cranial nerve 5/3 (medial pterygoid branch)

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Which artery supplies the majority of the ossicles?

Answer 50

Anterior tympanic artery | branch of the maxillary artery

Question 51

Name two other blood supplies of the ossciles other than the anterior tympanic artery

Answer 51

Deep auricular | Posterior auricular plexus

Question 52

Where does the auditory tube extend from?

Answer 52

Middle ear to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Question 53

T/F: | The auditory tube is bone anteromedially and cartilagenous posterolaterally

Answer 53

False Bone posterolaterally Cartilagenous anteromedially

Question 54

Which groove does the auditory tube sit in?

Answer 54

Petrosphenoidal suture

Question 55

T/F: | The auditory tube is normally open and closes during swallowing, coughing and positive pressure

Answer 55

FALSE | normally closed and opens during swallowing, coughing and positive pressure

Question 56

List the four muscles attached to the auditory tube

Answer 56

``` Levator palate (medial) Tensor palate (lateral) Salpingopharyngeus (superior border at the pharyngeal end) Tensor tympani (superior) ```

Question 57

Does the bony or membranous labrynth contain perilymph?

Answer 57

Bony | high sodium and low potassium contents, like CSF

Question 58

Which liquid is contained within the membranous labrynth?

Answer 58

Endolymph

Question 59

T/F: | The cochlea sits medially to the vestibule of the inner ear

Answer 59

False | Anterior

Question 60

What structure is posterior to the cochlea?

Answer 60

Vestibule of the inner ear

Question 61

T/F: | The apex of the cochlea is directed laterally

Answer 61

True

Question 62

T/F: | The first turn of the cochlea produces the promontory in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

Answer 62

False | Medial wall

Question 63

What is contained within the modioulus of the cochlea?

Answer 63

Spiral ganglion | Transmit fibres to the sensory cells in the cochleal duct

Question 64

T/F: | The three semicircular canals are superoposterior to the vestibule

Answer 64

True

Question 65

T/F: | The posterior canal is horizontal to the edge of the middle cranial fossa

Answer 65

False It is parallel (the lateral canal is horizontal)

Question 66

T/F: | The anterior canal is at a 45 degree angle to the edge of the middle cranial fossa and produces the arcuate eminence

Answer 66

False | 90 degree angle

Question 67

Which wall of the tympanic cavity does the lateral canal produce a bump?

Answer 67

Medial wall

Question 68

The cochleal duct is a _______ duct

Answer 68

Blindly ending

Question 69

T/F: | The scala vestibule leads to the round window

Answer 69

False it comes from the vestibule (The scala tympani leads to the round window)

Question 70

Which nerve is found between the facial and vestibular nerve when they emerge from the inferior border of the pons?

Answer 70

Nervus intermedius

Question 71

T/F: The facial nerve separates from the vestibular nerve in the medial part of the internal acoustic meatus and passes into a separate facial canal

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Where do the cochlea and vestibular nerve separate?

Answer 72

In the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus

Question 73

After it separates from the cochlea nerve, where does the vestibular nerve travel to?

Answer 73

Vestibular sensory ganglion in the lateral part of the inner ear and then forms five branches

Question 74

T/F: | The cochlea nerve goes to the spiral ganglion in the modiolis

Answer 74

True