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ANAT3004 > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

T/F:

The ear is located in the temporal bone

A

False

Most of it is EXCEPT the cartilagenous auditory tube which can be found in the groove along the petrosphenoidal suture

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2
Q

What is the eardrum also known as? what is its function?

A

Also known as the tympanic membrane

Role is for transmission and amplification of sound

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3
Q

What is the middle ear also known as? What is its function?

A

Tympanic cavity

Role is for transmission and amplification of sound

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4
Q

What consists of the inner ear and what is the role of this structure overall?

A

Cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibule

Purpose is to turn vibrations into neuronal impulses and transmit to the brain

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5
Q

T/F:

The auditory tube connects the inner ear with the nasopharynx

A

False

It connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx

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6
Q

T/F:

The lateral 1/3 of the external ear is bony and the medial 2/3 is cartilagenous

A

False
lateral 1/3= cartilagenous
Medial 2/3= bony

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7
Q

Which glands in the external ear produce wax?

A

Ceruminous glands

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8
Q

Where can you find hair in the external ear?

A

Lateral 1/3 cartilagenous part

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9
Q

T/F:

External ear is medial and slanted anteriorly

A

True

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10
Q

T/F:

Entire external acoustic meatus is lined with thick skin

A

False

thin skin

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11
Q

T/F:

Lateral surface of the tympanic membrane is concave and covered in skin

A

True

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12
Q

T/F:

The medial surface of the tympanic membrane is convex and covered in skin

A

False

covered in mucosa

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13
Q

What is the UMBO? Where is it?

A

Bottom of the handle of malleus attached to the convex medial surface of the tympanic membrane
It is the point of maximum medial convexity

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14
Q

T/F:

Semicircular canals are more anterior than the cochlea

A

False

They are more posterior

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15
Q

T/F;

The malleus and incus are found on the lateral side of the tympanic membrane/ear drum

A

False

Medial side

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16
Q

Which nerve passes across the tympanic membrane in between the malleus and incus?

A

Chorda tympani

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17
Q

T/F:

Pars flaccida is above the malleus and pars tensa is below

A

True

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18
Q

What type of joint is the joint between the incus and stapes?

A

Synovial

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19
Q

What substance is within the tympanic cavity?

A

Air

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20
Q

Which two structures does the mastoid additus connect?

A

Middle ear/tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells

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21
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Tympanic membrane

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22
Q

List the two main features of the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

Auditory tube opening

Carotid canal

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23
Q

Which nerve runs above the auditory tube?

A

Tensor tympani

it then bends to run along the medial wall

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24
Q

Where does the epithymapnic recess lead to and which wall of the tympanic cavity can it be found in?

A

Found in the posterior wall

Leads to the aditus which leads to the mastoid antrum which leads to the mastoid air cells

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25
Q

Which nerve branches on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Facial nerve branches into chorda tympani

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26
Q

T/F:

Facial nerve runs medially to aditus on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

False

Runs inferiorly

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27
Q

Which tendon emerges in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Pyramid tendon of stapedius

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28
Q

Which bone separates the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa and where can it be found in the tympanic cavity?

A

Tegmun tympani

Makes up the roof of the tympanic cavity

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29
Q

T/F:

Tegmun tympani is posterolateral to the arcuate eminence

A

False

anterolateral

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30
Q

What makes up the floor of the tympanic cavity?

A

Thin bone covering the jugular fossa/foramen

31
Q

The medial wall of the tympanic cavity is mostly _____

32
Q

Which structure is inferolateral to the oval window on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Round window

33
Q

T/F:

The malleus closes the oval window

A

False

Base of the stapes

34
Q

What closes the round window?

35
Q

Which two prominotaries can be found in the medial wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Inferiomedial= over the cochlea

More superiorly= over the lateral semicircular canal

36
Q

What is the tympanic plexus and which wall of the tympanic cavity can it be found on?

A

On the medial wall of the tympanic cavity

Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal and sympathetic from internal carotid plexus

37
Q

What type of bone are the ossicles and what are they covered in?

A

Dense compact bone

covered in mucosa

38
Q

T/F:

The head of the malleus is in the epitympanic recess

39
Q

Which part of the malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane and which nerve crosses it?

A

Handle

Chorda tympani crosses it

40
Q

T/F;

Body of the incus articulates with the handle of the malleus

A

False

articulates with the head of the malleus

41
Q

T/F:

The short limb of the incus articulates with the head of the stapes

A

False

the long limb does

42
Q

What attaches to the short crus of the incus?

A

Ligamentous attachment

43
Q

Which part of the stapes attaches to the oval window?

A

The stapes

44
Q

What is the function of the two muscles in the tympanic cavity?

A

Contract in response to high intensity sounds to protect the inner ear

45
Q

T/F:

The muscular part of stapedius lies in a canal in the medial wall of the tympanic cavity

A

False

Posterior wall

46
Q

Stapedius attaches to which part of the stapes?

A

Tendon emerges from the pyramid and attaches to the neck of the stapes

47
Q

T/F:

Cranial nerve 5/3 supplies stapedius

A

False

facial nerve does

48
Q

T/F:

Tensor tympani muscle runs within a bony canal posterolateral to the cartilagenous auditory tube

A

False

Runs ABOVE the cartilagenous auditory tube

49
Q

T/F:
Tendon of tensory tympani makes a 90 degree turn as it emerges from its bony canal and runs across the middle ear to the handle of the malleus. It is supplied by cranial nerve 5/3 (medial pterygoid branch)

50
Q

Which artery supplies the majority of the ossicles?

A

Anterior tympanic artery

branch of the maxillary artery

51
Q

Name two other blood supplies of the ossciles other than the anterior tympanic artery

A

Deep auricular

Posterior auricular plexus

52
Q

Where does the auditory tube extend from?

A

Middle ear to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

53
Q

T/F:

The auditory tube is bone anteromedially and cartilagenous posterolaterally

A

False
Bone posterolaterally
Cartilagenous anteromedially

54
Q

Which groove does the auditory tube sit in?

A

Petrosphenoidal suture

55
Q

T/F:

The auditory tube is normally open and closes during swallowing, coughing and positive pressure

A

FALSE

normally closed and opens during swallowing, coughing and positive pressure

56
Q

List the four muscles attached to the auditory tube

A 
Levator palate (medial)
Tensor palate (lateral)
Salpingopharyngeus (superior border at the pharyngeal end)
Tensor tympani (superior)
57
Q

Does the bony or membranous labrynth contain perilymph?

A

Bony

high sodium and low potassium contents, like CSF

58
Q

Which liquid is contained within the membranous labrynth?

59
Q

T/F:

The cochlea sits medially to the vestibule of the inner ear

A

False

Anterior

60
Q

What structure is posterior to the cochlea?

A

Vestibule of the inner ear

61
Q

T/F:

The apex of the cochlea is directed laterally

62
Q

T/F:

The first turn of the cochlea produces the promontory in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

False

Medial wall

63
Q

What is contained within the modioulus of the cochlea?

A

Spiral ganglion

Transmit fibres to the sensory cells in the cochleal duct

64
Q

T/F:

The three semicircular canals are superoposterior to the vestibule

65
Q

T/F:

The posterior canal is horizontal to the edge of the middle cranial fossa

A

False
It is parallel

(the lateral canal is horizontal)

66
Q

T/F:

The anterior canal is at a 45 degree angle to the edge of the middle cranial fossa and produces the arcuate eminence

A

False

90 degree angle

67
Q

Which wall of the tympanic cavity does the lateral canal produce a bump?

A

Medial wall

68
Q

The cochleal duct is a _______ duct

A

Blindly ending

69
Q

T/F:

The scala vestibule leads to the round window

A

False
it comes from the vestibule

(The scala tympani leads to the round window)

70
Q

Which nerve is found between the facial and vestibular nerve when they emerge from the inferior border of the pons?

A

Nervus intermedius

71
Q

T/F:
The facial nerve separates from the vestibular nerve in the medial part of the internal acoustic meatus and passes into a separate facial canal

72
Q

Where do the cochlea and vestibular nerve separate?

A

In the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus

73
Q

After it separates from the cochlea nerve, where does the vestibular nerve travel to?

A

Vestibular sensory ganglion in the lateral part of the inner ear and then forms five branches

74
Q

T/F:

The cochlea nerve goes to the spiral ganglion in the modiolis

ANAT3004 (17 decks)

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