Blood Supply and Drainage Flashcards by Eva Contos

T/F:

Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins and are tortuous in appearance

True

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Why are veins darker in colour in comparison to arteries?

Blood contained within the vein is partly visible due to the thinner walls

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Where do arteries have valves?

Origins of aorta and pulmonary artery

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Why are veins more superficial than arteries?

So that slow venous return isn’t compressed by an overlying artery

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What are the two nerves associated with arteries?

Vasomotor

Hitchhikers

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T/F:

Vasomotor nerves are mostly parasympathetic

False

Mostly sympathetic

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T/F:

Lymph plexuses penetrate the walls of vessels

False

Remain on the adventitia

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What is an anastomosis?

Join between two vessels bypassing the usual route

Join between two vessels of the same type- can feed into each other’s territories

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T/F:

Endothelium is a single layer of flattened epithelial cells that forms the innermost lining of blood vessels

False

Also forms the lining of lymph vessels as well (robyn specifically states ALL vessels)

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What are the branches of the arch of aorta? (the ones that form this course)

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left Common carotid
Left subclavian artery

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What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

Right subclavian artery and right common carotid

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T/F:

The left common carotid is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk

False

Left common carotid is a branch of the arch of the aorta

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What are the branches of the right/left subclavian arteries?

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical
Costocervical

(VIT C)

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What is a landmark for the arch of the aorta?

At the level of the manubriosternal joint

T4= sternal angle= underside of the arch of the aorta

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T/F:
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arise from the arch of the aorta in front of the manubrium

False

They arise BEHIND the manubrium

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At what level does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid?

Right sternoclavicular joint

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At what level does the common carotid divide into the internal and external carotids?

Level of the top of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

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T/F:

External and Internal carotids are deep to SCM?

True

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What is contained within the carotid sheath? What is its function

Functions as support for the common carotid, internal carotid, internal jugular, vagus nerve

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T/F:
In terms of the positioning of the structures within the carotid sheath:
Common/internal carotid= medial
Internal jugular= posterior
Vagus= medial

False
Common/internal= medial
Internal jugular= lateral
Vagus= posterior

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Name two structures related to the carotid sheath

Ansa cervicalis

Sympathetic trunk

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Name the three anterior branches of the external carotid artery

Superficial thyroid
Lingual
Facial

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T/F:

The superficial thyroid artery runs superficially to SCM

False

Arises deep to SCM, crosses anterior triangle of the face, runs deep to infrahyroid strap muscles of the neck

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T/F:

The lingual artery passes deep to posterior belly of digastric

False
Passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric muscle and submandibular gland, travels medially to hyoglossus and into postero-inferior tongue

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T/F: Facial artery loops posterior to submandibular gland, crosses body of mandible, runs obliquely across the face to the lateral corner of the eye

False | MEDIAL corner of the eye

What does the facial artery supply?

``` Soft palate Tonsils Submandibular gland Sublingual glands Superficial face Adjacent muscles ```

What are the branches of the facial artery?

Tonsilar artery, submental artery, inferior/superior labial arteries

T/F: The tonsilar artery is a branch of the lingual artery

False | It is a branch of the facial artery

What are the posterior branches of the external carotid?

Ascending pharyngeal Occipital Posterior Auricular

What are the two branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery and what do they supply?

Extracranial branch: - upper pharynx, temporomandibular joint, tympanic cavity Intracranial branch: - passes through foramen magnum and supplies meninges

Which artery supplies SCM? What is it a branch of?

Occipital artery | Posterior branch of external carotid

T/F: Occipital artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that runs deep to posterior belly of digastric, passes behind mastoid and muscles and skin of occiput

True

What does the posterior auricular artery supply? What is it a branch of?

Branch of the external carotid (posterior branch) | Supplies parotid, aurical and occipital region

Where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise from? (ie what level roughly)

Near the origin of the external carotid

What level/where does the external carotid artery terminate? What does it terminate into?

Divides within the parotid gland at the level of the neck of the condyle of mandible Divides into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery

What are the two branches of the superficial temporal artery? What does it then divide into?

Transverse facial artery - Arises within the parotid BELOW zygomatic arch - Supplies part of the parotid and inferior part of orbicularis oculi Zygomatico-orbital artery - Arises ABOVE zygomatic arch - Supplies superior orbicularis occuli Then divides into anterior and posterior branches to supply scalp, ear, temporalis muscle

What are the importance branches of the maxillary artery?

``` Deep auricular artery Anterior tympanic artery Middle meningeal artery Inferior alveolar artery Medial and lateral pterygoid, masseteric, buccinators Posterior superior alveolar artery Infraorbital artery ```

T/F: | internal carotid usually branches in the neck

False | Usually unbranched in the neck

What is the carotid sinus and body?

Sinus= dilation at the origin of the internal carotid - contains nerve endings in the wall (detect pressure) Body= outside the artery wall - Detects oxygen levels

What two foramen does the internal carotid pass through?

Carotid canal and foramen lacerum

T/F: | Internal carotid passes through foramen ovale

False | Passes through carotid canal and foramen lacerum

T/F: The internal carotid has an ophthalmic artery branch that accompanies the optic nerve through the optic canal to supply the orbit, eye and forehead

True

What are two branches of the opthalmic artery?

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

T/F: The vertebral artery is the first branch of the subclavian artery (comes from the posterior side) Ascends and passes through foramen transversaria of cervical vertebrae 1-6 Passes through foramen lacerum to form a single basilar artery

False | It passes through foramen magnum to form a single basilar artery

T/F: | Internal throacic artery is an inferior branch of the subclavian artery that descends to supply the thorax

True

Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?

Thryocervical trunk (anterior branch of subclavian artery)

T/F: | Costocervical is superficial to anterior scalene muscle

False | It is deep

What assists venous return?

Gravity Muscle in vein walls External pressure from contraction of adjacent viscera, movement of adjacent viscera, suction

What does superior vena cava branch into?

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic vein?

Inferior thyroid Internal thoracic Vertebral

What are the two tributaries of the brachiocephalic vein?

Internal jugular | Subclavian

T/F: | The external jugular is a branch of the internal jugular

False | Branch of the subclavian vein

T/F: | inferior thyroid veins drain vessels within the thyroid only

False | They also drain vessels in the larynx, trachea and oesophagus

Where does the internal jugular collect blood from?

Dural sinuses | Facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior and middle thyroid veins

Where does the anterior jugular originate from?

Originates in submandibular region | Runs down and out into either the external jugular or the subclavian vein

What two veins drain into the external jugular?

Confluence of posterior branch of retromandibular being and posterior auricular vein

What does the maxillary vein drain?

Pterygoid venous plexus

T/F: | The pterygoid plexus is a deep network of fine veins between the digastric and pterygoid muscles

False | Between the temporalis and pterygoid muscles

Where does the retromandibular vein form and how?

It forms from the confluence of the maxillary and superficial temporal veins in the parotid

What does the retromandibular divide into?

Anterior and posterior branch

T/F: | The anterior branch of the retromandibular vein drains into the facial vein which drains into the internal jugular

True

T/F: | The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein joins with the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular

True

Which two veins form the facial vein?

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

Where does the facial vein receive blood from?

Anterior maxillar and anterior mandible (plus other tributaries)

Where does the posterior maxillar and mandible drain to?

Pterygoid venous plexus

What does the deep facial vein connect?

Pterygoid venous plexus with facial vein

Where does the occipital vein arise from?

Arises from the posterior network of veins of the scalp, drains into either vertebral or posterior auricular veins

T/F: | Superior saggital sinus runs in dura beneath the saggital suture

True

T/F: | The cavernous sinuses are in the anterior cranial fossa

False | Middle

T/F: | The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries are branches of the maxillary artery

False | They are branches of the opthalmic artery (branch of the internal carotid)