Muscles and Triangles of the neck

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

Which C vertebrae are atypical?

Answer 2

first two

Axis (C2) and atlas (C1)

Question 3

Where does atlas articulate with the skull?

Answer 3

Occipital condyle on the occipital bone

Question 4

What are two features that may suggest the vertebrae you are looking at are cervical?

Answer 4

foramen in the transverse processes

Bifid spinous process

Question 5

T/F:

Atlas has a body

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F:

Axis has no body

Answer 6

False

Has a small body

Question 7

T/F:

Dens is present on the atlas

Answer 7

False
Present on the axis
(lets atlas rotate on axis)

Question 8

List the grooves you would see on rib 2

Answer 8

Scalenus posterior

Tuberosity for serratus anterior

Question 9

List the grooves you would see on rib 1

Answer 9

Scalenus medius
Scalenus anterior
Sub clav artery and vein

Question 10

T/F:

Tuberosity for scalenus medius is closer to the groove for sub clav vein on rib 1 in comparison to scalenus anterior

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T/F:

the hyoid bone consists of 5 bones

Answer 11

True
Body (1)
Greater horn (2)
Lesser horn (2)

Question 12

T/F:

The greater horn of the hyoid bone creates a synovial joint with the body of the hyoid bone

Answer 12

False

Cartilagenous joint

Question 13

T/F:

The lesser horn creates a cartilagenous joint with the body and a synovial joint with the base of the greater horn

Answer 13

False
Fibrous joint with the body
Synovial joint with the base of the greater horn

Question 14

T/F:

Hyoid bone articulates with bone

Answer 14

False

Only muscles and ligaments

Question 15

List some attachments to the hyoid bone

Answer 15

Strap muscles
Middle pharyngeal constrictors
Thyroid membrane
Fibrous sling to the intermediate tendon of digastric
Sylohyoid ligament

Question 16

T/F:

The thyrohyoid membrane is between the hyoid bone and upper thyroid cartilage

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which 4 muscles define the triangles of the neck

Answer 17

SCM
Omohyoid
Digastric
Trapezius muscle

Question 18

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle

Answer 18

Anterior border of SCM
Inferior border of the mandible
Midline of the neck

Question 19

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 19

Digastric/submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

Question 20

Which triangle is bounded by the anterior belly, intermediate tendon and posterior belly of digastric?

Answer 20

Submandibular triangle of the anterior triangle

Contains the submandibular gland

Question 21

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle? Which triangle is this a part of?

Answer 21

Part of the anterior triangle
Bounded by SCM, posterior belly of digastric
Superior belly of omohyoid

Contains carotid, internal jugular, vagus (all within carotid sheath)

Question 22

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle of the neck? Which triangle is this a part of?

Answer 22

Superior belly of omohyoid, midline of the neck and inferior SCM
Part of the anterior triangle

Contains infrahyoid muscles and thyroid

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 23

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Clavicle

Question 24

T/F:

The superior belly of omohyoid crosses the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 24

False

Inferior belly

Question 25

What does the roof of the posterior triangle consist of?

Answer 25

Deep cervical fascia (connective tissue) Nerves e.g. accessory and brachial plexus Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 26

T/F: | Occipital triangle of the posterior triangle is below omohyoid muscle

Answer 26

False it is above The supraclavicular triangle is below omohyoid

Question 27

T/F: | Subclavian artery and vein are contained within the occipital triangle

Answer 27

False | they are within the supraclavicular triangle

Question 28

T/F: | Upper superficial cervical lymph nodes and accessory spinal nerve are contained in the occipital triangle

Answer 28

False | Upper DEEP cervical lymph nodes and accessory spinal nerve are contained in the occipital triangle

Question 29

Where does mylohyoid originate and insert?

Answer 29

``` Originate= mylohyoid line of the mandible Insert= mylohyoid of opposite side at the raphe body of the hyoid ``` function= elevates the hyoid, elevates the floor of the oral cavity

Question 30

Where does geniohyoid muscle originate and insert?

Answer 30

``` Originates= inferior genial tubercle Inserts= body of the hyoid ``` Function= helps move the hyoid and tongue anteriorly

Question 31

Where does SCM originate and insert?

Answer 31

``` Originate= manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle Inserts= anteriolateral mastoid process ```

Question 32

What is the action of SCM?

Answer 32

``` Singular= tilts and rotates head Together= raises sternum, flexes head ```

Question 33

What is the motor and sensory innervation of SCM?

Answer 33

``` Motor= accessory Sensory= ventral rami C2-C4 ```

Question 34

T/F: | Accessory nerve runs superficially to SCM

Answer 34

False | Runs deep

Question 35

Where does trapezius extend from?

Answer 35

Originates at external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line Inserts to T12 in the midline Inserts laterally to the clavicle and acromium Central join between the two muscles is called Ligamentum nuchae

Question 36

T/F: | Trapezius has the same motor and sensory innervation as SCM

Answer 36

True motor= accesory nerve sensory= ventral cervical rami C2-C4

Question 37

What is the action of SCM?

Answer 37

Pulls shoulders back Rotates shoulders Raises arm Head extension on neck

Question 38

Which muscle does the intermediate tendon of digastric often pierce?

Answer 38

Stylohyoid

Question 39

Where does the anterior belly of digastric attach to?

Answer 39

Digastric fossa on inferior mandible near the midline

Question 40

What is the intermediate tendon of digastric attached to?

Answer 40

Body and greater horn of the hyoid

Question 41

Where does the posterior belly of digastric attach to?

Answer 41

Attached to mastoid notch

Question 42

T/F: | Posterior belly is attached laterally to mastoid

Answer 42

False | attached medially

Question 43

What is the action of the digastric muscle?

Answer 43

Depresses the mandible | elevates the hyoid

Question 44

T/F: | Digastric muscle is innervated by the facial nerve

Answer 44

False only posterior belly is anterior belly is innervated by mylohyoid nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

Question 45

Where does the superior belly of omohyoid attach to?

Answer 45

Body of hyoid and intermediate tendon

Question 46

Where does the inferior belly of omohyoid attach to?

Answer 46

Intermediate tendon to upper body of scapula

Question 47

What is the function of omohyoid?

Answer 47

Depresses hyoid | Tenses deep cervical fascia during prolonged inspiration

Question 48

T/F: | Sensory and motor innervation for omohyoid is ventral branches of cervical nerves (ansa cervicalis)

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F: | Intermediate tendon of omohyoid is superficial to SCM

Answer 49

False | Deep

Question 50

List 4 features that are lateral to SCM

Answer 50

External jugular Lesser occipital nerve Greater auricular nerve Transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck

Question 51

Which nerve is deep to the intermediate tendon of digastric?

Answer 51

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 52

T/F: | Ascending pharyngeal artery is below the posterior belly of digastric

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T/F: | Occipital artery is in front of posterior belly of digastric

Answer 53

False | It is behind

Question 54

T/F: | posterior auricular artery is above the posterior belly of digastric

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Which nodes are deep/just inferior to digastric?

Answer 55

Jugulodigastric nodes

Question 56

Describe how omohyoid divides the anterior and the posterior triangles of the neck

Answer 56

In the anterior triangle: it divides muscular and carotid triangle In the posterior triangle: it divides occipital and suprclavicular

Question 57

What are the lateral vertebral muscles?

Answer 57

3 scalene muscles | anterior, medius, posterior

Question 58

Where does scalenus anterior attach and insert?

Answer 58

Upper cervical transverse processes | Inserts to 1st rib in between sub clav artery and vein

Question 59

Where does scalenus medius attach and insert?

Answer 59

Transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae | Inserts on posterior rib 1 behind groove for subclavian artery

Question 60

Where does scalenus posterior attach and insert?

Answer 60

Originates at posterior portion of scalenus medius | Inserts onto rib 2 (posterior part)

Question 61

What is the function of the scalene muscles?

Answer 61

elevate ribs and are lateral flexors of the neck

Question 62

How are the scalene muscles innervated?

Answer 62

Cervical ventral rami

Question 63

T/F: | Ansa cervicalis and subclavian artery serparate scanelus anterior and medius

Answer 63

False | brachial plexus and subclavian artery separate them

Question 64

List the prevertebral muscles

Answer 64

Longus colli Longus capitus Rectus capitus anterior REctus capitus lateralis

Question 65

What is the function of the prevertebral muscles?

Answer 65

Flex the head and head on the neck

Question 66

T/F: | Brachial plexus innervates prevertebral muscles

Answer 66

False | Cervical ventral rami

Question 67

T/F: | Longus colli extends from axis to T3

Answer 67

False | from atlas to T3

Question 68

Where does longus capitus extend from?

Answer 68

Base of the skull to transverse processes C3-6 | Overlies scalene muscles

Question 69

T/F: | longus capitus is more medial and longus colli is more lateral

Answer 69

False | other way around

Question 70

T/F: | Rectus capitus anterior is more medial than lateralis and is in front of it as well

Answer 70

False | it is behind it

Question 71

T/F: | Rectus capitus anterior extends from the arch of atlas to the base of the skull

Answer 71

True

Question 72

T/F: | Rectus capitus lateralis extends from the transverse processes of atlas to the base of the skull

Answer 72

True

Question 73

T/F: | The role of the suprahyoid muscles is to move the larynx up or down and depress the hyoid

Answer 73

False That is the role of the INFRAHYOID muscles the suprahyoid muscles function to LIFT the hyoid

Question 74

List the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 74

Geniohyoid Mylohyoid Digastric Stylohyoid

Question 75

List the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 75

Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid

Question 76

T/F: | Geniohyoid originates in the digastric fossa and inserts into the body of the hyoid

Answer 76

False | Originates at the genial tubercle/inferior mental spine and inserts into the body of the hyoid

Question 77

What innervates geniohyoid?

Answer 77

Vertebral branches of cervical spinal nerve | Some hypoglossal

Question 78

T/F: | Mylohyoid originates at the mylohyoid line on the mandible and inserts at the body of the hyoid

Answer 78

True

Question 79

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 79

Mylohyoid nerve

Question 80

T/F: | Stylohyoid muscle extends from styloid process to posterior belly of digastric

Answer 80

False | Extends from styloid process to hyoid bone

Question 81

How is the styloid muscle innervated?

Answer 81

Facial nerve

Question 82

What perforates the stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 82

Intermediate tendon of digastric

Question 83

Which triangle are the infrahyoid muscles located?

Answer 83

Muscular triangle (anterior triangle of the neck)

Question 84

How are the infrahyoid muscles innervated?

Answer 84

Ansa cervicalis (muscular branches of cervical ventral rami) (Thyrohyoid also gets some innervation from hypoglossal)

Question 85

T/F: | Geniohyoid fibres are directed coronally

Answer 85

False Directed sagitally Mylohyoid muscle fibres are directed coronally

Question 86

Which muscles/ligaments are associated with the styloid process?

Answer 86

``` Stylohyoid muscle Styloglossus muscle Stylopharangeus muscle Stylomandibular ligament Stylohyoid ligament ```

Question 87

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 87

31

Question 88

T/F: | Dorsal rami are usually larger than ventral rami

Answer 88

False | ventral ones are usually larger

Question 89

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the ventral rami in the neck?

Answer 89

Lesser occipital Greater auricular Transverse nerve of the neck Supraclavicular nerve

Question 90

Ansa cervicalis is ____ and____ to SCM

Answer 90

Anterior and deep

Question 91

T/F: The stylopharngeus muscle extends from the styloid process to penetrate pharynx lateral to the superior and middle constrictor muscles

Answer 91

False | In between the superior and middle constrictor muscles

Question 92

Where does the stylomandibular ligament originate and insert? What is its role?

Answer 92

Styloid process to the angle of the mandible | Purpose= TMJ support

Question 93

T/F: | Stylohyoid ligament is lateral to the stylohyoid muscle

Answer 93

False | Medial

Question 94

T/F: | Stylohyoid muscle is innervated by ansa cervicalis

Answer 94

False | Innervated by the facial nerve

Question 95

T/F: | Stylohyoid ligament extends from the styloid process to the greater horn of the hyoid bone

Answer 95

False | Lesser horn of the hyoid bone