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ANAT3004 > Muscles and Triangles of the neck > Flashcards

Muscles and Triangles of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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2
Q

Which C vertebrae are atypical?

A

first two

Axis (C2) and atlas (C1)

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3
Q

Where does atlas articulate with the skull?

A

Occipital condyle on the occipital bone

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4
Q

What are two features that may suggest the vertebrae you are looking at are cervical?

A

foramen in the transverse processes

Bifid spinous process

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5
Q

T/F:

Atlas has a body

A

False

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6
Q

T/F:

Axis has no body

A

False

Has a small body

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7
Q

T/F:

Dens is present on the atlas

A

False
Present on the axis
(lets atlas rotate on axis)

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8
Q

List the grooves you would see on rib 2

A

Scalenus posterior

Tuberosity for serratus anterior

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9
Q

List the grooves you would see on rib 1

A

Scalenus medius
Scalenus anterior
Sub clav artery and vein

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10
Q

T/F:

Tuberosity for scalenus medius is closer to the groove for sub clav vein on rib 1 in comparison to scalenus anterior

A

False

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11
Q

T/F:

the hyoid bone consists of 5 bones

A

True
Body (1)
Greater horn (2)
Lesser horn (2)

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12
Q

T/F:

The greater horn of the hyoid bone creates a synovial joint with the body of the hyoid bone

A

False

Cartilagenous joint

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13
Q

T/F:

The lesser horn creates a cartilagenous joint with the body and a synovial joint with the base of the greater horn

A

False
Fibrous joint with the body
Synovial joint with the base of the greater horn

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14
Q

T/F:

Hyoid bone articulates with bone

A

False

Only muscles and ligaments

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15
Q

List some attachments to the hyoid bone

A 
Strap muscles
Middle pharyngeal constrictors
Thyroid membrane
Fibrous sling to the intermediate tendon of digastric
Sylohyoid ligament
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16
Q

T/F:

The thyrohyoid membrane is between the hyoid bone and upper thyroid cartilage

A

True

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17
Q

Which 4 muscles define the triangles of the neck

A

SCM
Omohyoid
Digastric
Trapezius muscle

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

Anterior border of SCM
Inferior border of the mandible
Midline of the neck

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19
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Digastric/submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

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20
Q

Which triangle is bounded by the anterior belly, intermediate tendon and posterior belly of digastric?

A

Submandibular triangle of the anterior triangle

Contains the submandibular gland

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle? Which triangle is this a part of?

A

Part of the anterior triangle
Bounded by SCM, posterior belly of digastric
Superior belly of omohyoid

Contains carotid, internal jugular, vagus (all within carotid sheath)

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22
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle of the neck? Which triangle is this a part of?

A

Superior belly of omohyoid, midline of the neck and inferior SCM
Part of the anterior triangle

Contains infrahyoid muscles and thyroid

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Clavicle

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24
Q

T/F:

The superior belly of omohyoid crosses the posterior triangle of the neck

A

False

Inferior belly

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25
Q

What does the roof of the posterior triangle consist of?

A

Deep cervical fascia (connective tissue)
Nerves e.g. accessory and brachial plexus
Deep cervical lymph nodes

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26
Q

T/F:

Occipital triangle of the posterior triangle is below omohyoid muscle

A

False
it is above
The supraclavicular triangle is below omohyoid

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27
Q

T/F:

Subclavian artery and vein are contained within the occipital triangle

A

False

they are within the supraclavicular triangle

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28
Q

T/F:

Upper superficial cervical lymph nodes and accessory spinal nerve are contained in the occipital triangle

A

False

Upper DEEP cervical lymph nodes and accessory spinal nerve are contained in the occipital triangle

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29
Q

Where does mylohyoid originate and insert?

A 
Originate= mylohyoid line of the mandible
Insert= mylohyoid of opposite side at the raphe body of the hyoid

function= elevates the hyoid, elevates the floor of the oral cavity

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30
Q

Where does geniohyoid muscle originate and insert?

A 
Originates= inferior genial tubercle
Inserts= body of the hyoid

Function= helps move the hyoid and tongue anteriorly

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31
Q

Where does SCM originate and insert?

A 
Originate= manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle
Inserts= anteriolateral mastoid process
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32
Q

What is the action of SCM?

A 
Singular= tilts and rotates head
Together= raises sternum, flexes head
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33
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of SCM?

A 
Motor= accessory
Sensory= ventral rami C2-C4
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34
Q

T/F:

Accessory nerve runs superficially to SCM

A

False

Runs deep

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35
Q

Where does trapezius extend from?

A

Originates at external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line
Inserts to T12 in the midline
Inserts laterally to the clavicle and acromium

Central join between the two muscles is called Ligamentum nuchae

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36
Q

T/F:

Trapezius has the same motor and sensory innervation as SCM

A

True
motor= accesory nerve
sensory= ventral cervical rami C2-C4

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37
Q

What is the action of SCM?

A

Pulls shoulders back
Rotates shoulders
Raises arm
Head extension on neck

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38
Q

Which muscle does the intermediate tendon of digastric often pierce?

A

Stylohyoid

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39
Q

Where does the anterior belly of digastric attach to?

A

Digastric fossa on inferior mandible near the midline

40
Q

What is the intermediate tendon of digastric attached to?

A

Body and greater horn of the hyoid

41
Q

Where does the posterior belly of digastric attach to?

A

Attached to mastoid notch

42
Q

T/F:

Posterior belly is attached laterally to mastoid

A

False

attached medially

43
Q

What is the action of the digastric muscle?

A

Depresses the mandible

elevates the hyoid

44
Q

T/F:

Digastric muscle is innervated by the facial nerve

A

False
only posterior belly is
anterior belly is innervated by mylohyoid nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

45
Q

Where does the superior belly of omohyoid attach to?

A

Body of hyoid and intermediate tendon

46
Q

Where does the inferior belly of omohyoid attach to?

A

Intermediate tendon to upper body of scapula

47
Q

What is the function of omohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid

Tenses deep cervical fascia during prolonged inspiration

48
Q

T/F:

Sensory and motor innervation for omohyoid is ventral branches of cervical nerves (ansa cervicalis)

49
Q

T/F:

Intermediate tendon of omohyoid is superficial to SCM

A

False

Deep

50
Q

List 4 features that are lateral to SCM

A

External jugular
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
Transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck

51
Q

Which nerve is deep to the intermediate tendon of digastric?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

52
Q

T/F:

Ascending pharyngeal artery is below the posterior belly of digastric

53
Q

T/F:

Occipital artery is in front of posterior belly of digastric

A

False

It is behind

54
Q

T/F:

posterior auricular artery is above the posterior belly of digastric

55
Q

Which nodes are deep/just inferior to digastric?

A

Jugulodigastric nodes

56
Q

Describe how omohyoid divides the anterior and the posterior triangles of the neck

A

In the anterior triangle: it divides muscular and carotid triangle

In the posterior triangle: it divides occipital and suprclavicular

57
Q

What are the lateral vertebral muscles?

A

3 scalene muscles

anterior, medius, posterior

58
Q

Where does scalenus anterior attach and insert?

A

Upper cervical transverse processes

Inserts to 1st rib in between sub clav artery and vein

59
Q

Where does scalenus medius attach and insert?

A

Transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae

Inserts on posterior rib 1 behind groove for subclavian artery

60
Q

Where does scalenus posterior attach and insert?

A

Originates at posterior portion of scalenus medius

Inserts onto rib 2 (posterior part)

61
Q

What is the function of the scalene muscles?

A

elevate ribs and are lateral flexors of the neck

62
Q

How are the scalene muscles innervated?

A

Cervical ventral rami

63
Q

T/F:

Ansa cervicalis and subclavian artery serparate scanelus anterior and medius

A

False

brachial plexus and subclavian artery separate them

64
Q

List the prevertebral muscles

A

Longus colli
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus anterior
REctus capitus lateralis

65
Q

What is the function of the prevertebral muscles?

A

Flex the head and head on the neck

66
Q

T/F:

Brachial plexus innervates prevertebral muscles

A

False

Cervical ventral rami

67
Q

T/F:

Longus colli extends from axis to T3

A

False

from atlas to T3

68
Q

Where does longus capitus extend from?

A

Base of the skull to transverse processes C3-6

Overlies scalene muscles

69
Q

T/F:

longus capitus is more medial and longus colli is more lateral

A

False

other way around

70
Q

T/F:

Rectus capitus anterior is more medial than lateralis and is in front of it as well

A

False

it is behind it

71
Q

T/F:

Rectus capitus anterior extends from the arch of atlas to the base of the skull

72
Q

T/F:

Rectus capitus lateralis extends from the transverse processes of atlas to the base of the skull

73
Q

T/F:

The role of the suprahyoid muscles is to move the larynx up or down and depress the hyoid

A

False
That is the role of the INFRAHYOID muscles
the suprahyoid muscles function to LIFT the hyoid

74
Q

List the suprahyoid muscles

A

Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid

75
Q

List the infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

76
Q

T/F:

Geniohyoid originates in the digastric fossa and inserts into the body of the hyoid

A

False

Originates at the genial tubercle/inferior mental spine and inserts into the body of the hyoid

77
Q

What innervates geniohyoid?

A

Vertebral branches of cervical spinal nerve

Some hypoglossal

78
Q

T/F:

Mylohyoid originates at the mylohyoid line on the mandible and inserts at the body of the hyoid

79
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mylohyoid nerve

80
Q

T/F:

Stylohyoid muscle extends from styloid process to posterior belly of digastric

A

False

Extends from styloid process to hyoid bone

81
Q

How is the styloid muscle innervated?

A

Facial nerve

82
Q

What perforates the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Intermediate tendon of digastric

83
Q

Which triangle are the infrahyoid muscles located?

A

Muscular triangle (anterior triangle of the neck)

84
Q

How are the infrahyoid muscles innervated?

A

Ansa cervicalis
(muscular branches of cervical ventral rami)
(Thyrohyoid also gets some innervation from hypoglossal)

85
Q

T/F:

Geniohyoid fibres are directed coronally

A

False
Directed sagitally
Mylohyoid muscle fibres are directed coronally

86
Q

Which muscles/ligaments are associated with the styloid process?

A 
Stylohyoid muscle
Styloglossus muscle
Stylopharangeus muscle
Stylomandibular ligament
Stylohyoid ligament
87
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

88
Q

T/F:

Dorsal rami are usually larger than ventral rami

A

False

ventral ones are usually larger

89
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the ventral rami in the neck?

A

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse nerve of the neck
Supraclavicular nerve

90
Q

Ansa cervicalis is ____ and____ to SCM

A

Anterior and deep

91
Q

T/F:
The stylopharngeus muscle extends from the styloid process to penetrate pharynx lateral to the superior and middle constrictor muscles

A

False

In between the superior and middle constrictor muscles

92
Q

Where does the stylomandibular ligament originate and insert? What is its role?

A

Styloid process to the angle of the mandible

Purpose= TMJ support

93
Q

T/F:

Stylohyoid ligament is lateral to the stylohyoid muscle

A

False

Medial

94
Q

T/F:

Stylohyoid muscle is innervated by ansa cervicalis

A

False

Innervated by the facial nerve

95
Q

T/F:

Stylohyoid ligament extends from the styloid process to the greater horn of the hyoid bone

A

False

Lesser horn of the hyoid bone

ANAT3004 (17 decks)

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