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Anatomy and Physiology > The Skeleton System > Flashcards

The Skeleton System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the components of the skeleton system?

A

bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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1
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton system? (5)

A

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

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2
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

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3
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

a double-layered connective tissue covering most cartilage

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4
Q

What is articular cartilage? Does it have a perichondrium?

A

hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphysis of the bones, where they come together to form joints….has NO perichondrium

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5
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage

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6
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells

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7
Q

What are lacunae?

A

the spaces occupied by osteocytes cells

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8
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

the spaces occupied by cell processes, looks like a little canal

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9
Q

What is woven bone?

A

The collagen fibers are irregularly oriented in many directions, first formed when bone is formed

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10
Q

What is lamellar bone?

A

mature bone that is organized into thin sheets of layers

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11
Q

What are trabeculae?

A

interconnecting rods or plates within spongy bone, arranged between lines of stress

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12
Q

What are central or Haversian canals?

A

lines that are filled with vessels that run parallel to the long axis of the bone

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13
Q

What are perforating/ Vokmann’s canals

A

run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone, contain blood vessels

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14
Q

What are osteons?

A

consists of a central canal, lamellae, and ostocytes, the whole little system target of the bone

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15
Q

What are concentric lamellae?

A

circular layers of bone matrix that surround a common center, the central canal

16
Q

What are interstitial lamellae?

A

between osteons, remnants of concentric, or circumferential lamellae, that were partially removed during bone modeling

17
Q

What are circumferential lamellae?

A

outer surfaces of compact bone, that extend around the bone

18
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

the large internal space of the diaphysis of the long bone, filled with marrow

19
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

the connective tissue membrane that covers the outside surface of a bone

20
Q

What are Sharpey fibers/ perforating fibers?

A

bundles of collagen that strengthen the attachments of tendons and ligaments to the bone

21
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

a single layer of cells that lines the internal surfaces of all cavities within the bones such as the medullary cavities and the tiny cavities in spongy and compact bones

22
Q

What are fontanels?

A

soft spots of a baby’s skull, the membrane between the bones in the head that have not yet been ossified

23
Q

What is rickets?

A

growth retardation due to nutritional deficiencies in minerals (Ca or Vit D) results in soft weak bones that are easily broken

24
Q

What is ostomalacia?

A

softening of adult bones due to calcium depletion often caused by vit d deficiency

25
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

a localized mass of blood released from the blood vessels but confined within an organ or space

26
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

when a bone breaks on the side of a curved bone, but not completely

27
Q

What is a hairline fracture?

A

incomplete fractures in which the bone does not separate, most common in the skull

28
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

a complete fracture in which the bone breaks into more than two pieces

29
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

brittle bones that fracture easily due to insufficient or abnormal collagen

30
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

bone inflammation due to bacterial infection that may lead to destruction of the bone

31
Q

What is tuberculosis?

A

a lung bacterium that can affect the bone

32
Q

Wha is osteoporosis?

A

reduction in overall quantity of bone tissue

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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