The Skeleton System Flashcards
What are the components of the skeleton system?
bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
What are the functions of the skeleton system? (5)
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
What are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
What is the perichondrium?
a double-layered connective tissue covering most cartilage
What is articular cartilage? Does it have a perichondrium?
hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphysis of the bones, where they come together to form joints….has NO perichondrium
What is appositional growth?
chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage
What is interstitial growth?
chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells
What are lacunae?
the spaces occupied by osteocytes cells
What are canaliculi?
the spaces occupied by cell processes, looks like a little canal
What is woven bone?
The collagen fibers are irregularly oriented in many directions, first formed when bone is formed
What is lamellar bone?
mature bone that is organized into thin sheets of layers
What are trabeculae?
interconnecting rods or plates within spongy bone, arranged between lines of stress
What are central or Haversian canals?
lines that are filled with vessels that run parallel to the long axis of the bone
What are perforating/ Vokmann’s canals
run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone, contain blood vessels
What are osteons?
consists of a central canal, lamellae, and ostocytes, the whole little system target of the bone
What are concentric lamellae?
circular layers of bone matrix that surround a common center, the central canal
What are interstitial lamellae?
between osteons, remnants of concentric, or circumferential lamellae, that were partially removed during bone modeling
What are circumferential lamellae?
outer surfaces of compact bone, that extend around the bone
What is the medullary cavity?
the large internal space of the diaphysis of the long bone, filled with marrow
What is the periosteum?
the connective tissue membrane that covers the outside surface of a bone
What are Sharpey fibers/ perforating fibers?
bundles of collagen that strengthen the attachments of tendons and ligaments to the bone
What is the endosteum?
a single layer of cells that lines the internal surfaces of all cavities within the bones such as the medullary cavities and the tiny cavities in spongy and compact bones
What are fontanels?
soft spots of a baby’s skull, the membrane between the bones in the head that have not yet been ossified
What is rickets?
growth retardation due to nutritional deficiencies in minerals (Ca or Vit D) results in soft weak bones that are easily broken
What is ostomalacia?
softening of adult bones due to calcium depletion often caused by vit d deficiency
What is a hematoma?
a localized mass of blood released from the blood vessels but confined within an organ or space
What is a greenstick fracture?
when a bone breaks on the side of a curved bone, but not completely
What is a hairline fracture?
incomplete fractures in which the bone does not separate, most common in the skull
What is a comminuted fracture?
a complete fracture in which the bone breaks into more than two pieces
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
brittle bones that fracture easily due to insufficient or abnormal collagen
What is osteomyelitis?
bone inflammation due to bacterial infection that may lead to destruction of the bone
What is tuberculosis?
a lung bacterium that can affect the bone
Wha is osteoporosis?
reduction in overall quantity of bone tissue
