Chapter 8: Joints Flashcards
What are amphiarthrosis joints?
slightly movable
What are synarthrosis joints?
Non-movable
What are diarthrosis joints?
freely movable
What are 3 types of fibrous joints?
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
What does synostosis mean?
to ossify completely
What are syndesmoses?
bones farther apart than a suture and joined by ligaments, some movement may occur (example: radioulnar)
What are gomphoses?
pegs that fit into sockets (example periodontal ligaments that hold teeth in place)
What is a synchondroses joint?
hyaline cartilage
What is a symphyses joint?
fibrocartilage
What is the fibrous capsule?
dense irregular connective tissue, portions may thicken to form ligaments
What is synovial fluid composed of?
polysaccharides, proteins, fat, cells, hyaluronic acid
What are bursae?
pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint, found in areas of friction
What are three types of articular disks?
temperomandibular, sternovlavicular, acromioclavicular
What are menisci?
fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee
What are tendon sheaths?
synovial sacs that surround tendons as they pass near or over bone
What are the three types of synovial joints?
uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial
What is a plane joint?
uniaxial, some rotation, Examples: intervertebral, intercarpal, intertarsal
What are saddle joints?
biaxial, examples: pollicis (thumb), intercarpal, sternoclavicular
What are hinge joints?
uniaxial, example: elbow, ankle, phalangeal
What are pivot joints?
uniaxial, rotation around a single axis, Example: axis atlas, radioulnar
What are ball and socket joints?
multiaxial (shoulder and hips)
What are condyloid joints?
biaxial, example: atlantooccipital (neck to head)
Three types of movement?
gliding, angular, circular
What is gliding?
in plane joints, slight movement
What is angular?
flexion and extension, abduction and adduction
What is circular?
rotation, pronation and supination, circumduction
What is Flexion?
movement of body part away from the coronal plane
What is extension?
movement of the body part toward the coronal plane
What is plantar flexion?
standing on the toes
What is dorsiflexion?
foot lifted toward shin
What is abduction?
movement away from the median plane
What is adduction?
movement toward the median plane
What is pronation?
rotation of the forearm palm facing down
What is supination?
rotation of the forearm palm faces up
What is circumduction?
combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, appendage describes a cone
What is elevation? what is depression?
shrugging the shoulders, opening the mouth
shoulders down, closing the mouth
What is protractrion?
gliding motion anteriorly
What is retraction?
gliding motion posteriorly
What is lateral excursion?
moving the mandible to the right or left of midline
What is medial excursion?
mandible at midline
What is opposition?
movement of thumb and pinky toward each other
What is reposition?
anatomical position of hand. opposite of opposition
What is inversion?
turning the ankle so the plantar surface of foot faces medially
What is eversion?
turning the ankle so the plantar surface of foot faces laterally
What is the TMJ?
temperomandibular joint, jaw joint
What is the glenoid labrum?
rim of fibrocartilage built up around glenoid cavity
what is the rotator cuff?
4 muscles along with ligaments that give stability to the joint
What is chondromalacia?
softening of cartilage due to abnormal movement of patella or to accumulation of fluid in fat pad posterior to patella
What is hemarthrosis?
acute accumulation of blood in the joint
