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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 8: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Joints Flashcards

0
Q

What are amphiarthrosis joints?

A

slightly movable

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1
Q

What are synarthrosis joints?

A

Non-movable

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2
Q

What are diarthrosis joints?

A

freely movable

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3
Q

What are 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

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4
Q

What does synostosis mean?

A

to ossify completely

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5
Q

What are syndesmoses?

A

bones farther apart than a suture and joined by ligaments, some movement may occur (example: radioulnar)

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6
Q

What are gomphoses?

A

pegs that fit into sockets (example periodontal ligaments that hold teeth in place)

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7
Q

What is a synchondroses joint?

A

hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

What is a symphyses joint?

A

fibrocartilage

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9
Q

What is the fibrous capsule?

A

dense irregular connective tissue, portions may thicken to form ligaments

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10
Q

What is synovial fluid composed of?

A

polysaccharides, proteins, fat, cells, hyaluronic acid

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11
Q

What are bursae?

A

pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint, found in areas of friction

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12
Q

What are three types of articular disks?

A

temperomandibular, sternovlavicular, acromioclavicular

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13
Q

What are menisci?

A

fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee

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14
Q

What are tendon sheaths?

A

synovial sacs that surround tendons as they pass near or over bone

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15
Q

What are the three types of synovial joints?

A

uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

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16
Q

What is a plane joint?

A

uniaxial, some rotation, Examples: intervertebral, intercarpal, intertarsal

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17
Q

What are saddle joints?

A

biaxial, examples: pollicis (thumb), intercarpal, sternoclavicular

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18
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

uniaxial, example: elbow, ankle, phalangeal

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19
Q

What are pivot joints?

A

uniaxial, rotation around a single axis, Example: axis atlas, radioulnar

20
Q

What are ball and socket joints?

A

multiaxial (shoulder and hips)

21
Q

What are condyloid joints?

A

biaxial, example: atlantooccipital (neck to head)

22
Q

Three types of movement?

A

gliding, angular, circular

23
Q

What is gliding?

A

in plane joints, slight movement

24
Q

What is angular?

A

flexion and extension, abduction and adduction

25
Q

What is circular?

A

rotation, pronation and supination, circumduction

26
Q

What is Flexion?

A

movement of body part away from the coronal plane

27
Q

What is extension?

A

movement of the body part toward the coronal plane

28
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

standing on the toes

29
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

foot lifted toward shin

30
Q

What is abduction?

A

movement away from the median plane

31
Q

What is adduction?

A

movement toward the median plane

32
Q

What is pronation?

A

rotation of the forearm palm facing down

33
Q

What is supination?

A

rotation of the forearm palm faces up

34
Q

What is circumduction?

A

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, appendage describes a cone

35
Q

What is elevation? what is depression?

A

shrugging the shoulders, opening the mouth

shoulders down, closing the mouth

36
Q

What is protractrion?

A

gliding motion anteriorly

37
Q

What is retraction?

A

gliding motion posteriorly

38
Q

What is lateral excursion?

A

moving the mandible to the right or left of midline

39
Q

What is medial excursion?

A

mandible at midline

40
Q

What is opposition?

A

movement of thumb and pinky toward each other

41
Q

What is reposition?

A

anatomical position of hand. opposite of opposition

42
Q

What is inversion?

A

turning the ankle so the plantar surface of foot faces medially

43
Q

What is eversion?

A

turning the ankle so the plantar surface of foot faces laterally

44
Q

What is the TMJ?

A

temperomandibular joint, jaw joint

45
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

rim of fibrocartilage built up around glenoid cavity

46
Q

what is the rotator cuff?

A

4 muscles along with ligaments that give stability to the joint

47
Q

What is chondromalacia?

A

softening of cartilage due to abnormal movement of patella or to accumulation of fluid in fat pad posterior to patella

48
Q

What is hemarthrosis?

A

acute accumulation of blood in the joint

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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