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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 13: The brain > Flashcards

Chapter 13: The brain Flashcards

1
Q

what are cranial nerves and where do they arise from?

A
  • part of the PNS
  • 2 from cerebrum
  • 10 from the brainstem
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2
Q

what is the medulla oblongata responsible for?

A

regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, and sneezing

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3
Q

what is responsible for decussating?

A

pyramids

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4
Q

what do the olives of the medulla oblongata do?

A

regulate balance, coordination, modulation of sound from the inner ear

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5
Q

tectum

A

four nuclei that form mounds on the dorsal surface of midbrain

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6
Q

What are the specific tectum (corpora quadrigemina)

A

2 superior colliculi: visual reflexes, recieve info from inferior colliculi, eyes, skin, and cerebrum
2 inferior colliculi: involved in hearing

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7
Q

red nuclei

A

aid in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activites

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8
Q

substantia nigra

A

pigmented with melanin, interconnected with basal nuclei of the cerebrum

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9
Q

reticular formation

A
  • group of nuclei scattered throughout brainstem

- controls cyclic activities, such as sleep-wake cycle

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10
Q

cerebellar pundicles

A

fiber tracts that communicate with other parts of the brain

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11
Q

what tissue is arbor vitae made of?

A

white matter

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12
Q

purkinje cells

A

largest cells in CNS
recieve 200,000 synapses
inhibitory
only cerebellar cortex neurons that send axons to cerebellar nuclei

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13
Q

flocculonodular lobe

A

balance and eye movements

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14
Q

vermis

A

midline portion of the cerebellar hemispheres

-responsible for posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination, leading to fluid movments

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15
Q

lateral hemispheres of cerebellum

A

works with cerebrum to plan, practice, and learn complex movements

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16
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

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17
Q

what is the thalamus responsible for

A

motor, mood, emotion, sensory integration

18
Q

what is the subthalamus responsible for?

A

controlling motor function

contains parts of red nuclei and substantia nigra

19
Q

parts of the epithalamus

A

habenula: emotional and visceral responses to odors

pineal gland: regulates biological clock

20
Q

parts of the hypothalamus

A

mammillary bodies: olfactory reflexes and responces to odors

infundibulum: controls endocrine system

21
Q

what is the hypothalamus responsible for

A

sexual pleasure, satiation, rage, fear, mood, emotion

22
Q

precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

23
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

primary somatic sensory cortex

24
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • voluntary motor function
  • motivation
  • agression
  • sense of smell
  • mood, personality
  • decision
25
Q

parietal lobe

A

-recognition and evaluation of sensory info except smell, hearing, and vision

26
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • reception and evaluation for smell and hearing
  • memory
  • abstract thought
  • judgement
27
Q

association fibers

A

connections within the same hemisphere

28
Q

commissural fibers

A

connect hemispheres

29
Q

projection fibers

A

tracts between cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord

30
Q

basal nuclei

A

motor function control

31
Q

what are the basal nuclei in the cerebrum called?

A

corpus striatum

32
Q

what does the limbic system do?

A

basic survival functions such as memory, reproduction, and nutrition, emotions
-hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus

33
Q

what is filled in the subdural space?….the subarachnoid space?

A

subdural: serous fluid
subarachnoid: CSF

34
Q

choroid plexuses

A

produce CSF, composed of ependymal cells

35
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

composed of endothelial cells attached by tight junctions

36
Q

percentage of blood pumped by the heart goes to the brain

A

15-20%

37
Q

blood barrier’s permeability on lipid soluble substances

A

pass through by diffusion

38
Q

blood brain barrier’s permeability of water soluble substances

A

move through mediated transport

39
Q

Cranial nerves names

cranial nerve function

A

on occasion our trusty truck acts funny, very good vehicle any how
Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more

40
Q

Parts of the brain

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • cerebrum

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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