Chapter 13: The brain Flashcards
what are cranial nerves and where do they arise from?
- part of the PNS
- 2 from cerebrum
- 10 from the brainstem
what is the medulla oblongata responsible for?
regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, and sneezing
what is responsible for decussating?
pyramids
what do the olives of the medulla oblongata do?
regulate balance, coordination, modulation of sound from the inner ear
tectum
four nuclei that form mounds on the dorsal surface of midbrain
What are the specific tectum (corpora quadrigemina)
2 superior colliculi: visual reflexes, recieve info from inferior colliculi, eyes, skin, and cerebrum
2 inferior colliculi: involved in hearing
red nuclei
aid in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activites
substantia nigra
pigmented with melanin, interconnected with basal nuclei of the cerebrum
reticular formation
- group of nuclei scattered throughout brainstem
- controls cyclic activities, such as sleep-wake cycle
cerebellar pundicles
fiber tracts that communicate with other parts of the brain
what tissue is arbor vitae made of?
white matter
purkinje cells
largest cells in CNS
recieve 200,000 synapses
inhibitory
only cerebellar cortex neurons that send axons to cerebellar nuclei
flocculonodular lobe
balance and eye movements
vermis
midline portion of the cerebellar hemispheres
-responsible for posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination, leading to fluid movments
lateral hemispheres of cerebellum
works with cerebrum to plan, practice, and learn complex movements
parts of the diencephalon
thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus
what is the thalamus responsible for
motor, mood, emotion, sensory integration
what is the subthalamus responsible for?
controlling motor function
contains parts of red nuclei and substantia nigra
parts of the epithalamus
habenula: emotional and visceral responses to odors
pineal gland: regulates biological clock
parts of the hypothalamus
mammillary bodies: olfactory reflexes and responces to odors
infundibulum: controls endocrine system
what is the hypothalamus responsible for
sexual pleasure, satiation, rage, fear, mood, emotion
precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus
primary somatic sensory cortex
frontal lobe
- voluntary motor function
- motivation
- agression
- sense of smell
- mood, personality
- decision
parietal lobe
-recognition and evaluation of sensory info except smell, hearing, and vision
temporal lobe
- reception and evaluation for smell and hearing
- memory
- abstract thought
- judgement
association fibers
connections within the same hemisphere
commissural fibers
connect hemispheres
projection fibers
tracts between cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord
basal nuclei
motor function control
what are the basal nuclei in the cerebrum called?
corpus striatum
what does the limbic system do?
basic survival functions such as memory, reproduction, and nutrition, emotions
-hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus
what is filled in the subdural space?….the subarachnoid space?
subdural: serous fluid
subarachnoid: CSF
choroid plexuses
produce CSF, composed of ependymal cells
Blood-Brain Barrier
composed of endothelial cells attached by tight junctions
percentage of blood pumped by the heart goes to the brain
15-20%
blood barrier’s permeability on lipid soluble substances
pass through by diffusion
blood brain barrier’s permeability of water soluble substances
move through mediated transport
Cranial nerves names
cranial nerve function
on occasion our trusty truck acts funny, very good vehicle any how
Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more
Parts of the brain
- brainstem
- cerebellum
- diencephalon
- cerebrum
