Chapter 15: Special Senses

Question 1

only major sense that doesnt go through the thalamus

Answer 1

olfactory

Question 2

what is a taste bud?

Answer 2

supporting cells surrounding taste cells

Question 3

what is a taste cell

Answer 3

have microvilli or gustatory hair, extending into taste pores

Question 4

what kind of neurons are olfactory neurons?

Answer 4

bipolar

Question 5

Three Tunics

Answer 5

fibrous: sclera and cornea
vascular: choroid, ciliary body, iris
nervous: retina

Question 6

How odorants work?

Answer 6

first messenger: ligand, G protein is activated and binds to adenylate cyclase
second messenger: adenylate cyclase causes buildup of cAMP from ATP
Ion channels open up, depolarizing neuron

Question 7

Sphincter pupillae

Answer 7

parasympathetic

Question 8

Dilator pupillae

Answer 8

sympathetic

Question 9

ciliary body

Answer 9

produces aqueous humor

Question 10

refraction

Answer 10

bending of light

Question 11

convergence

Answer 11

light striking a convex surface

Question 12

focal point

Answer 12

point where light rays converge and cross

Question 13

focusing

Answer 13

causing light to converge

Question 14

emmetropia

Answer 14

normal resting condition of the lens, lens is flat

Question 15

far point of vision

Answer 15

point at which lens does not have to thicken to focus, 20 ft or more from eye

Question 16

sensory retina

Answer 16

three layers of neurons: photoreceptor, bipolar, and ganglionic

Question 17

pigmented retina

Answer 17

single layer of cells filled with melanin, enhanses visual acuity by isolating individual photoreceptors, reducing light scattering

Question 18

rhodopsin

Answer 18

changes shape when struck by light, and separates into opsin and retinal

Question 19

myopia

Answer 19

nearsightedness

Question 20

hyperopia

Answer 20

farsightedness

Question 21

presbyopia

Answer 21

degeneration of accommodation

Question 22

What are the only neurons that can be replaced?

Answer 22

olfactory neurons