The Skeletal System - Joints Flashcards
Define the term Joint
A joint is where two or more bones meet (1).
Name the 3 types of joint in the human body
Fixed
Slightly moveable
Synovial (freely moveable)
Name 2 locations of fixed joints in the body
Cranium
Pelvis
Give an example of a slightly moveable joint
Found in the vertebral column between each vertebrae
Name the six types of synovial joint
Pivot Condyloid Saddle Gliding Ball and socket Hinge
Give an example of a pivot joint
The atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae in the neck
Give an example of a condyloid joint
The wrist (where the carpals meet the radius)
Give an example of a saddle joint
At the base of the thumb
Give an example of a gliding joint
The clavicle and scapula
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
The Hip (Femur and Pelvis) and the Shoulder (Humerus and Scapula)
Give an example of a hinge joint
Knee or Elbow
What are the two joint movements that take place at a hinge joint?
Flexion
Extension
What are the movements that take place at a ball and socket joint?
Flexion Extension Rotation Abduction Adduction
Define flexion
Decreasing the angle at a joint
e.g. bending at a hinge joint or moving a limb forwards at a ball and socket.
Define extension
Increasing the angle at a joint
e.g. straightening at a hinge joint or moving a limb backwards at a ball and socket.
Define rotation
A turning or twisting movement around an axis.
Define abduction
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Define adduction
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body
Give an example of flexion at the shoulder
A cricketer moving their arms forward to take an underarm catch
Give an example of flexion at the knee
A basketbal player bending thier knees to prepare to jump for a rebound
Give an example of extension at the hip
A footballer moving their leg backwards to perform a ‘back heel’ in football
Give an example of extension at the elbow
A javelin thrower pulling their throwing arm through to straight during the release
Give an example of rotation
A tennis player turning their arm over during the contact of a forehand drive when trying to apply topspin
Give an example of abduction
A rounders player reaching out to their side to make a catch
Give an example of adduction
A cross fit performer moving their arms back towards their body on the second phase of a star jump
What is the name of the fluid that lubricates the joint?
Synovial fluid
What is the tough covering found at the end of bones?
Articulating cartilage
What tissue connects bones to bones?
Ligaments
What do ligaments do?
Connect bones to bones
What is the tissue that connects muscle to bones?
Tendons
What do tendons do?
Connect muscles to bones
What produces synovial fluid and hold the fluid in place?
Synovial membrane
