Exam Questions

Question 1

What type of bone is a rib? (1)

Answer 1

Flat

Question 2

What is the function of a tendon at a joint? (1)

Answer 2

To attach Muscles to bones

Question 3

Which one of the following muscles is in the lower leg? (1)

Answer 3

Soleus

Question 4

State three different types of synovial joints. (3)

Answer 4

 Ball and socket (1)
 Condyloid (1)
 Gliding (1)
 Hinge (1)
 Pivot (1)
 Saddle (1)

Question 5

Chloe is 41 years old. What would her predicted maximum heart rate be? (2)

Answer 5

179 (220-41)

Question 6

Outline the structure of alveoli and explain how the

structure helps them perform their function. (4)

Answer 6

Structure
 Alveoli have very thin walls (one cell thick) (1) and have
a moist lining (1).

Function
 Provides a large area for gaseous exchange to occur in
the lungs (1) as it allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to
be diffused more easily (1).

Question 7

Identify the type of muscular strength that is needed to
perform a standing vertical jump.
Justify your choice. (2)

Answer 7

Explosive (1)

Strength needs to be exerted at speed to jump higher
(1).

Question 8

Define ‘vasodilation’ and ‘vasoconstriction’. (2)

Answer 8

 Vasodilation – the widening of blood vessels (1).

 Vasoconstriction – the narrowing of blood vessels (1).

Question 9

Smooth muscle is a type of muscle in the body.
State the other two types of muscle and describe how their function in the body helps an individual doing health and
fitness activities. (4)

Answer 9

 Cardiac (1) aids blood flow through the heart, which
provides the oxygen for the body to exercise (1).
 Skeletal (1) contract to move bones in our body during
health and fitness activities (1).

Question 10

Identify a health and fitness activity that would be suited
to the following muscle fibre types.
 Type 1 slow twitch fibres
 Type 2 fast twitch fibres

Answer 10

Type 1 slow twitch fibres
 Activity – long distance running (1)
 Justification – they are resistant to fatigue and are
capable of producing repeated slow contractions, which
are needed for long distance running (1).
Type 2 fast twitch fibres
 Activity – jumping (1)
 Justification – they produce fast contractions, which are needed to jump quickly as part of a circuit training
session (1).

Question 11

Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output all increase
during health and fitness activities.
State three other short-term effects of health and fitness
activities and explain why these occur. (6)

Answer 11

 Breathing rate increases (1) as the body’s muscles
need more oxygen (1).
 Blood pressure increases (1) as the heart is forcing
more blood out to the muscles (1).
 Body temperature increases (1) as 70% of the energy
that powers muscles during exercise is lost as heat (1).
 Hydration levels decrease (1) as the body starts to
sweat so bodily fluid is lost (1).
 Muscle fatigue occurs (1) as they start to build up lactic
acid (1).
 Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) occurs (1)
as small

Question 12

Which one of the following would be her predicted

maximum heart rate (MHR)? (1)

Answer 12

179