The skeletal system Flashcards
What are some functions of the skeleton?
body movement
storage (Ca, P, Na, Mg)
production of blood cells (hematopoisesis)
Red marrow
Yellow marrow - contains fat storage cells
What are the classification of bones?
1) long bones eg. arm and leg bones
2) short bones- shaped like long bones but shorter
3) flat bones - broad flat surfaces e.g. skull ribs
4) irregular bones - e.g. vertebrate and facial bones
What is the epiphysis?
the rounded expanded end of long bone that contain spongy bone. spongy bone is light and not dense
What is the periosteum?
Fibrous tissue that covers the epiphysis and forms a joint with another bone.
What is trabeculae?
it is bony plates in spongy bone
What is the diaphysis?
the shaft of bone that connects to the expanded ends. it is composed of compact bone. Compact bone is very strong and resistant to bending
What is the difference of bones in different animals?
Flying animals have a lot of spongy bones
swimming animals have less compact bone
land animals have more compact bone
Where is red marrow found in adults?
the epiphysis
Where is yellow marrow found in adults?
the diaphysis
What are the two ways that bone growth occurs?
1) bone first appears as membranous connective tissue (membranous bone)
2) Cartilage appears first and is replaced by bone (cartilaginous or endochondral bone)
What is the epiphyseal growth plate ?
Disk of cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis where bone is being deposited.
What are the different types of joints?
immovable
partly movable
freely movable
What is a synovial joint?
most promonent joint in the skeletal system contain joint capsule composed of outer ligaments Inner layer (synovial membrane)
What is synovial fluid?
A lubricant secreted by the synovial membrane for lubrication
What are the different movable joints?
Ball and socket - motion in all planes
hinge joints - motion in one plane
