The respiratory system

Question 1

what is the function of the respiration system?

Answer 1

conducting system for the exchange of gases
filtration of incoming particles
control water content and temperature (thermoregulation)
speech production
sense of smell
regulation of pH

Question 2

What is the division of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract

lower respiratory tract

Question 3

What is the the upper respiratory tract divided into?

Answer 3

nose
the nasal cavity
the sinuses
the nasopharynx

Question 4

Describe the parts of the nose

Answer 4

it has receptors for smell

it is guarded by hair to entrap coarse particles

Question 5

describe the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

hollow space behind the nose
contains ciliated mucous membrane that entraps particles and prevents infection
it adjusts to to humidity and temperature of incoming air

Question 6

describe nasopharynx?

Answer 6

equilibrate pressure between the enviroment and the middle ear via the eustachian tube

Question 7

What is the lower respiratory tract divided into?

Answer 7

larynx- has vocal chords
trachea - left and right
main bronchi

Question 8

What does the main bronchi divide into?

Answer 8

secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi-> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> the alveolus

Question 9

Where is the exchange of CO2/O2?

Answer 9

In the alveoli

Question 10

What is the function of alveolar macrophages?

Answer 10

they phagocytize any particles that reach the alveolus

Question 11

What is pneumocytes type ll?

Answer 11

a surfactant that is excreted by into the alveoli that reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing

Question 12

What is sneezing and coughing?

Answer 12

a reflex controlled by the medulla that expel particles from the upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 13

Describe the lungs

Answer 13

Thy ar seperated into left and right
contained in the thoracic cavity
they contain air passages, nerves, alveoli, blood and lymphatic vessels of the lower respiratory tract

Question 14

What is pleura?

Answer 14

a membrane covering the thoracic cage that lubricates it to reduce friction between lungs and the thoracic cage.

Question 15

describe inspiration

Answer 15

it is an active event

1) phrenic nerves cause the diaphragm to contract. this cause the thoracic cavity to increase
2) simultaneously the intercostal(between ribs) muscles and neck muscles contract further increasing the thoracic cavity
3) the thoracic cavity increases, decreasing the internal pressure leaving it negative
4) the positive atmospheric pressure forces air into the respiratory tract inflating the lungs

Question 16

describe expiration

Answer 16

a passive event

1) the diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscles relax
2) elastic tissues of the lung thoracic cage and abdominal muscles recoil
3) the recoil increases pressur in the lungs increasing internal pressure forcing air out

Question 17

What controls breathing?

Answer 17

it is involuntary rhythmic and controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla.

Question 18

What increases the breathing rate?

Answer 18

low blood O2, high blood CO2 or low pH