The Skeletal system 4

Question 1

There are 2 groups of skeleton

Answer 1

Axial and Appendicular

Question 2

Axial

Answer 2

This is the long axis of the body the at has the head and trunk
- has 80 bones
Functions:
- supports and shields organs in the body cavities
- is a point of attachment for muscles

Question 3

Axial:
Bones

Answer 3

Skull:
- cranium
- face
- auditory ossicles
- hyoid
Thoracic:
- Sternum
- Ribs
Vertebral Column:
- Vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Coccyx

Question 4

The skull

Answer 4

The following are known as the neurocranium
Contains:

2 paired bones; parietal and temporal
4 unpaired bones: frontal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid

They are locked together by suture joints:
- coronal
- sagittal
- lambdoid
- 2 squamous

Question 5

Which bones are connected by the coronal suture

Answer 5

The frontal bone to the parietal

Question 6

Which suture connects the occipital bone to the rear of the skull?

Answer 6

The lambdoid suture

Question 7

The skull:
The viscerocranium

Answer 7

Contains:
6 paired bones: Nasal, inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxilla
2 Unpaired bones: Vomer and mandible

Question 8

Maxillae and Mandible

Answer 8

Mandible(lower jaw):
- largest facial bone
- connected at the temporomandibular joint
- teeth are connected by the gomphosis
Maxilla(upper jaw):
- 2 bones connected by the intermaxillary suture
- teeth are connected the same way

Question 9

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 9

Are air-filled chambers that release mucus into nasal cavity.
What are the functions of sinuses?
• decrease the weight of the skull
• moisten and clean the air
• serve as resonating chambers in speech production

Question 10

Skull’s associated bones

Answer 10

Hyoid:
- in anterior neck inferior to mandible
- acts as a movable base for the tongue and neck muscles for talking and swallowing
Auditory ossicles;
- conducts sound for hearing
- in temporal bones

Question 11

The verebral column

Answer 11

Stacks of vertebrae that go from the skull to the pelvis
- separated by intervertebral discs made out of fibrocartilage

Functions:
- transfers weight of trunk to lower limbs
- surrounds spinal cord
- an attachment point for ribs and muscles

Question 12

Vertebral Column:
Divided into 5 regions

Answer 12

1. Cervical(7 vertebrae)
2. Thoracic(12 vertebrae)
3. Lower back(5 vertebrae)

Not considered part:
4. Sacrum
5. Coccyx

Question 13

True or False:
In an infant, there are more than 24 vertebrae as would be found in an adult

Answer 13

During infancy, there are about 33 vertebrae.

Question 14

Which type of vertebrae

Answer 14

Is the smallest and lightest
- cervical
Has the most massive, block like body
- lumbar
Has spinous process that is divided into 2 branches
- cervical

Question 15

Which type of vertebrae(cont)

Answer 15

Has facets on their transverse process— - -thoracic
Has the most circular cerebral foramen
- thoracic
Does not allow rotational movement
- lumbar

Question 16

The inferior part of the vertebrae fuse to form 2 composite bones

Answer 16

The sacrum(fusion of 7 bones)and coccyx(fusion if 3-7)

Question 17

The thoracic cage

Answer 17

Consists of the sternum and ribs

Question 18

The thoracic cage:
The sternum

Answer 18

Aka the breastbone
Landmarks where the anterior midline of the thoracic cavity is

Consists of:
- the manbrium- connects to rib 1
- body- connects to ribs 2-7
- xiphoid process- connects to diaphragm and the abdominal muscle

Question 19

The thoracic Cage:

Ribs

Answer 19

Labeled from tip to bottom(1-12)

Consists of:
the true ribs(vertebrosternal ribs)-ribs 1-7
The false ribs(vertebrochondral ribs)- ribs 8-10
Floating ribs- not connected to the sternum and are ribs 11-12

Question 20

Appendicular Skeletob

Answer 20

Consists of the bones of limbs and supporting bone girdles

Functions:
- move and manipulate objects
- weight bearing

Question 21

Appendicular:

Bones

Answer 21

Pectoral girdle:
- clavicle
- scapula
Pelvic girdles
- hip bones

Question 22

Appendicular bones:

Upper extremities

Answer 22

• humerus
• radius
• ulna
• carpals
• metacarpals- labeled 1-5 thumb to pinky
• phalanges

Question 23

Appendicular bones:
Lower extremities

Answer 23

• femur
• patella
• tibia
• fibula
  Ankle and foot:
• tarsals- the calcaneous(heel) and talus carry most of the body’s weight
• metatarsals
• phalanges

Question 24

The pectoral girdle

Answer 24

Contains the scapula and clavicles
Which connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 25

The pelvis girdle

Answer 25

Is formed by a pair of vocal bones and the sacrum
- this attaches to the vertebral column to support the trunk

Question 26

One vocal bone is a fusion of

Answer 26

3 bones:
- llium, ischium and pubis bones

Question 27

The pelvis is 1 way to differentiate the sex of a skeleton

Answer 27

• The female pelvic brim is larger and wider
• The male pelvis is deeper and has a narrower pelvic outlet
• The angle of the pubic arch is greater in females than in males by 90 degrees