Skeletal system 3 Flashcards
A joint(articulation)
A point of contact between bones, cartilage, teeth and bones that gives mobility and holds the skeleton togethrr
True or False
All joints permit some degreee of movement
False
The functional classification
Of joints determines how much the joint can move
The 3 types of joints
Synarthroses-can’t move
Ampihiarthroses
Diarthroses
Practice joint slides
The structural classification
Of joints describe what materials binds them together
There are 3 types;
- fibrous joints
- cartilage joints
- synovial joints
Fibrous Joints
Joints connected by dense connective tissue
Examples:
Suture-in skull
Syndesmosis-connects bones to short ligaments
Gomphosis- connects teeth to jaw bones
Cartilaginous Joints
Joints connected by cartilage
Examples:
Synchindrosis-hyaline cartilage
Symphysis-fibrocartilage
General features of synovial joints
- Joints are covered by hyalin cartilage to prevent bone crushing
- Joint cavity is a fluid filled space that has the synovial fluid between the bones
They also contain accessory liganents(support), menisci(shock absorber) and bursae(reduces friction)
True or False
All synovial joints are diarthrotic
True:
Although they are restricted by their range of motion
The range of motion in synovial joints include
Nonaxial: slipping movements(waving)
Uniaxial: movement in 1 plane
Biaxial: movement in 2 planes
Multi axial : movement in or around 3 planes
The type of movement in synovial joints include
- gliding
- angular movements
- rotation
Gliding
A flat bottom that glides over another similar surface
E.g Intercarpal and intertarsal joints
Angular
An increased/decreased angle between 2 bones in the sagittal and frontal plane
Flexion and Adduction: decreased angle of the joint
Extension/Abduction: increased angle of the joint
Rotation
The turning of a bone around its own long axis
True or False
Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a of range of motion as the shoulder joint
True
3 factors to determine the stability of synovial joints
- shape of the articular shape
- ligament number and location
- muscle tone
Synovial joints
Are classified based on the shape of articulating surface
The shape determines how the joint moves
Plane joint
- articular surface is flash and only allows short slipping/gliding movements
Hinge joint
- the cylindrical end of I bone fits in the trough surface of another bone
• movement is uniaxial
Eg. Elbow joints
Condyloid joint
A concave surface that articulates with a convex surface
- movement is biaxial
Eg. Knuckles, wrist joints
Ball and socket joint
A spherical head of 1 bone fits into a round socket of another
- movement is multiaxial
Eg. Shoulder joints
Saddle joint
- each articulating surface has both convex and concave areas(LEGO hands linking together)
- movement is biaxial
Eg. Carpometacarpal joints in the thumb
Pivot joints
- the rounded edge of 1 bone fits into the sleeve/ring of another bone
- movement is uniaxial
Eg. Proximal radioulnar joints
Which of the following forms of exercise is best for joints?
A. jogging
B. swimming
C. weightlifting
D. aerobics
E. cycling
B
Tech used on the skeletal system
Clinical technologies are used to access, diagnose, and treat conditions of the skeletal system
Dual-energy X-ray abosorptimetry scan(DEXA)
is used to measure bone density.
• used by a medical radiographer
• uses low and high energy levels
• results are represented as a T-score, which compares an individual’s bone density to that of a young, healthy adult
Bone Scan
Also known as bone scintigraphy
Used for diagnosing bone fractures, inflammation and cancer
- used by nuclear medicine technologists
Arthroscopy
A surgical procedure that is used for inspecting cartilage, ligaments, tendons, menisci and other structures
- used by an orthopaedic surgeon
